Ge22As20Se58 glass ultrafast laser inscribed waveguides for mid-IR integrated optics

Morris, James M.; Mackenzie, Mark D.; Petersen, Christian; Demetriou, Giorgos; Kar, A. K.; Bang, Ole; Bookey, Henry T.

doi:10.1364/ome.8.001001

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…With their large infrared transparency windows, high nonlinearity, and compatibility with standard microfabrication techniques, ChGs have a wide range of state-of-the-art applications in optics and photonics. They can be easily processed into a wide range of photonic devices such as waveguides [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], Bragg gratings [33,34], resonators [35][36][37][38][39], micro-lenses [40][41][42][43][44], omnidirectional reflectors [45][46][47], and photonic crystals [48][49][50][51]. Their nonlinear characteristics also make them promising candidates for all-optical signal processing [52,53] and nonlinear frequency generation [54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding aging in chalcogenide glass thin films using precision resonant cavity refractometry

Geiger

Huang

et al. 2019

Opt. Mater. Express

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Chalcogenide glass (ChG) thin films have a wide range of applications in planar photonics that rely on the stability of their optical properties. However, most methods do not provide quantitative optical property data at sufficiently high resolution. We have employed a resonant cavity refractometry technique capable of detecting refractive index changes down to 10 −6 refractive index unit (RIU) to study the aging, or sub-T g structural relaxation kinetics, of Ge 23 Sb 7 S 70 ChG. Our study reveals that the refractive index (RI) change due to aging tends to follow stretched exponential behavior, with stretch exponents and rate of index change dependent on initial glass treatment. Thermally annealed devices show the best stability, suggesting that thermal annealing is the appropriate post-deposition treatment method for obtaining stable ChG films.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding aging in chalcogenide glass thin films using precision resonant cavity refractometry

Geiger

Huang

et al. 2019

Opt. Mater. Express

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“…Recently, there have been advances in the fabrication of broadband and wavelength-dependent couplers for the mid-infrared, based on chalcogenide optical fibers [54] and splicing methods to join silica pump fibers and actively doped fluoride fibers are constantly improving [55], [56]. Also, there is active research into the development of mid-infrared integrated components that can potentially be coupled to fluoride optical fibers [57], [58]. The capability of fabricating high-quality fiber gratings, in particular fiber Bragg gratings into fluoride fibers remains one of the key challenges that will enable mid-infrared fiber technology to transition out of the lab and into practical applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grating Inscription Into Fluoride Fibers: A Review

2019

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First demonstrated over four decades ago, fiber gratings, and in particular fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), have become indispensable and ubiquitous components within fiber laser cavities as well as optical communication networks and sensor systems. Because of their overwhelming use, the bulk of published work to date has concentrated on fibers that are composed of silica-based glasses, yet those become virtually opaque at wavelengths above 2 μm, i.e., in the technically increasingly important mid-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Soft glass fluoride fibers on the other hand, in particular those composed of ZBLAN (abbreviation for ZrF 4-BaF 2-LaF 3-AlF 3-NaF), offer low-loss transmission out to wavelengths of up to almost 4 μm. However, while fiber manufacturing itself has now reached a high level of maturity, with passive fiber attenuation levels as low as 1 dB/km becoming commercially available, grating fabrication in these fibers remains challenging, and research into suitable inscription techniques is still a very active and ongoing scientific field. This review aims to provide an overview of work that has been done in this area to date with an emphasis on femtosecond-laser based fabrication methods.

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“…shot to shot coherence over the entire SC output 20 . Planar waveguides alternative to the microstructured fibers, nowadays, are being considered for broadband SC sources design due to their short interaction length, scalable and low cost integrated optical chip fabrication [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] .…”

Section: Fig 1: Channel Waveguide Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of dispersion-engineered As2Se3 channel waveguide for mid-infrared region supercontinuum generation

Karim

Ahmad

Ghosh

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Physics

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In recent years, low cost and scalable integrated optics compatible planar waveguides have emerged for an ultrabroadband supercontinuum generation between ultraviolet and mid-infrared region applications. A 20mm-long integrated photonics compatible highly nonlinear As 2 Se 3 channel waveguide, which exhibited wider as well as lower magnitude and nearly flat anomalous dispersion region, designed and modeled by employing GeAsSe glass for its upper and lower claddings. Using pump source at 6 µm with a pulse duration of 170-fs, an ultrabroadband long wavelength region supercontinuum broadening covering the wavelength from 3.5 µm to up to 15 µm could be predicted with the largest input peak power of 10 kW. Further increasing power up to 20 kW does not enhance the supercontinuum expansion noticeably beyond 15 µm. This could be the longest supercontinuum generation by an on-chip integrated photonics compatible planar waveguide which can be used for a variety of mid-infrared region applications.

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Ge₂₂As₂₀Se₅₈ glass ultrafast laser inscribed waveguides for mid-IR integrated optics

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Understanding aging in chalcogenide glass thin films using precision resonant cavity refractometry

Understanding aging in chalcogenide glass thin films using precision resonant cavity refractometry

Grating Inscription Into Fluoride Fibers: A Review

Design of dispersion-engineered As2Se3 channel waveguide for mid-infrared region supercontinuum generation

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