ULM, a software for conservation and evolutionary biologists

Legendre, Serge; Clobert, Jean

doi:10.1080/02664769524649

Cited by 143 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The growth rate is calculated as the dominant eigenvalue of the matrix associated with this graph and the generation time is mean generation length or Tbar [8,9]. Calculations were performed with the computer program ULM [10]. The survival probability with age was calculated with the program SURVIV [11], with capture probability set to 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme lifespan of the human fish ( Proteus anguinus ): a challenge for ageing mechanisms

et al. 2010

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These authors contributed equally to this work.Theories of extreme lifespan evolution in vertebrates commonly implicate large size and predator-free environments together with physiological characteristics like low metabolism and high protection against oxidative damages. Here, we show that the 'human fish' (olm, Proteus anguinus), a small cave salamander (weighing 15 -20 g), has evolved an extreme lifehistory strategy with a predicted maximum lifespan of over 100 years, an adult average lifespan of 68.5 years, an age at sexual maturity of 15.6 years and lays, on average, 35 eggs every 12.5 years. Surprisingly, neither its basal metabolism nor antioxidant activities explain why this animal sits as an outlier in the amphibian size/longevity relationship. This species thus raises questions regarding ageing processes and constitutes a promising model for discovering mechanisms preventing senescence in vertebrates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme lifespan of the human fish ( Proteus anguinus ): a challenge for ageing mechanisms

et al. 2010

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“…Extinction probabilities were computed as the number of extinct trajectories over the total number of simulated trajectories (59). Simulations were performed with the ULM computer program (60).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother–offspring competition promotes colonization success

Côté

Clobert

Fitze

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Colonization is the crucial process underlying range expansions, biological invasions, and metapopulation dynamics. Which individuals leave their natal population to colonize empty habitats is a crucial question and is presently unresolved. Dispersal is the first step in colonization. However, not all dispersing individuals are necessarily good colonizers. Indeed, in some species, the phenotype of dispersers differs depending on the selective pressures that induce dispersal. In particular, kin-based interactions, a factor driving social evolution, should induce different social response profiles in nondispersing and dispersing individuals. Kin competition (defined here as between the mother and offspring) has been proven to produce dispersers with a particular phenotype that may enhance their colonizing ability. By using the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara), we conducted a multipopulation experiment to study the effect of kin competition on dispersal and colonization success. We manipulated mother-offspring interactions, which are the most important component of kin competition in the studied species, at the family and population levels and measured the consequences on colonization success. We demonstrate that mother-offspring competition at the population level significantly influences colonization success. Increased competition at the population level enhanced the colonization rate of the largest juveniles as well as the growth and survival of the colonizers. Based on these results, we calculated that kin-induced colonization halves the extinction probability of a newly initiated population. Because interactions between relatives are likely to affect the ability of a species to track habitat modifications, kin-based dispersal should be considered in the study of invasion dynamics and metapopulation functioning.common lizard ͉ dispersal ͉ kin interactions

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“…A population matrix was thus defined for each treatment. Demographic descriptors -growth rate l, replacement rate R 0 , generation time T, proportion of reproductive and nonreproductive individuals -were computed using the Unified Life Models (ULM) software (Legendre and Clobert, 1995). We also calculated for each treatment, the mean fecundity and the mean survival rate as the arithmetic mean of the fecundities of reproducers and the geometric mean of survival rates, respectively.…”

Section: Nðt+1þ=anðtþmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free strains ofPlanktothrix agardhiion long-term population dynamics ofDaphnia magna

Hulot

Carmignac²,

Legendre³

et al. 2012

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-The effects of cyanobacterial toxins on herbivorous zooplankton depend on cyanobacterial strains, zooplankton species and environmental conditions. To explore the relationship between zooplankton and cyanobacteria, we investigated the effects of Planktothrix agardhii extracts on Daphnia magna population dynamics. We designed an experiment where individuals were grown in the presence of extracts of two P. agardhii strains. We monitored daily life-history parameters of D. magna individuals subjected to microcystin-RR (MC-RR), intracellular and extracellular extracts of a microcystin-producing strain (MC-strain, PMC 75.02) and a microcystin-free strain (MC-free strain, PMC 87.02) of P. agardhii. Measured life-history parameters of D. magna were used to build population dynamics models and compute expected population growth rate, replacement rate, generation time and proportion of adult and juveniles at demographic equilibrium. Results show that MC-RR tends to slow the life history (reduced growth rate and larger proportion of adults). In contrast, intracellular extracts of the two strains tend to accelerate the life history (increased growth rate, decreased generation time and lower proportion of adults). Extracellular extracts produce the same trends as the intracellular extracts but to a lesser extent. However, the MC-strain has stronger effects than the MC-free strain. Interestingly, extracellular extracts of the MC-free strain may have effects comparable to pure MC-RR. Moreover, in the presence of MC-RR and both cyanobacterial extracts, the daily fecundities present a cyclic pattern. These results suggest that MC-RR and unknown metabolites of cyanobacterial extracts have negative effects on D. magna reproduction processes such as those observed with endocrine-disruptive molecules.

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ULM, a software for conservation and evolutionary biologists

Cited by 143 publications

References 2 publications

Extreme lifespan of the human fish ( Proteus anguinus ): a challenge for ageing mechanisms

Extreme lifespan of the human fish ( Proteus anguinus ): a challenge for ageing mechanisms

Mother–offspring competition promotes colonization success

Effects of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free strains ofPlanktothrix agardhiion long-term population dynamics ofDaphnia magna

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