Udder-Halve-Wise Comparative Prevalence of Clinical and Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Lactating Goats With Their Bacterial Pathogens and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Bangladesh

Abstract

Goats are the major parts of subsidiary economy of the rural people in Bangladesh. Dairy animals including lactating goats are prone to the intramammary infection (IMI) and associated with a lot of economic impact on the farmers but the reports on caprine mastitis are very limited in inland literature. This study was undertaken to determine the udder-halve-wise comparative prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical caprine mastitis with their associated bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity patterns during the period from January to May 2010. The teat and udder of a lactating population of 1025 Black Bengal goats maintained under rural (village) condition in two different districts (Joypurhat and Mymensingh) of Bangladesh were physically examined, of which 54 (5.27%) goats had clinical mastitis which constituted as experimental animals for this study. Of the 54 selected goats, 59 (54.63%) udder-halves were affected with clinical mastitis whereas the remaining 49 (45.37%) udder-halves of the selected goats were found physically normal. Out of 59 udder-halves, 49 (90.74%) were unilaterally and 5 (9.26%) were bilaterally affected with clinical mastitis. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was found significantly (p < 0.01) higher in left udder-haves (H = 47; 79.66%) in comparison to the right (H = 12; 20.34%) udder-halves. Milk samples collected from all the 108 udder-halves were examined bacteriologically, of which 102 (94.44%) udder-halves had bacterial infection. No significant differences was observed on the status of bacterial pathogens between clinically (H = 55; 93.22%) and sub-clinically (H = 47; 95.92%) affected udder-halves, and between the single (CH = 45; 76.27% and SCH = 35; 71.43%) and mixed (CH = 10; 16.95% and SCH = 12; 24.49%) bacterial infections in both the clinical and sub-clinical mastitis udder-halves. The major bacterial pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus spp. which showed to be highest frequency (38.98%), followed by Escherichia coli (27.12%) and Bacillus spp. (10.17%) as a single clinical IMI whereas mixed IMI were also detected in both clinically and sub-clinically affected udder-halves. Antibiotic sensitivity results showed a relatively high level of resistance to ampicillin, amoxycillin and streptomycin, whereas gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were found to be the most effective drugs. These results indicate the high prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis in apparently normal quarters of lactating goats than those had clinical mastitis in other udder-halves, and therefore, there is a need for the prudent use of antibacterial in animal health and production through bacteriological and antibiogram studies in Bangladesh.

Prevalence of clinical and subclinical caprine mastitis of northern region in Bangladesh

“…Earlier, the highest prevalence of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) was reported by Gelasakis et al (2016), Nickerson et al (2015) and Silanikove et al (2014). Other than single infection (85%), mixed infections (15%) were also found in this study which was supported by the observation of Sarker and Samad (2011). They reported that both the clinical and sub-clinical mastitis affected udder-halves had single (clinical 76.27% and sub-clinical 71.43%) and mixed (clinical 16.95% and sub-clinical 24.49%) bacterial infections.…”

“…The subclinical and clinical or acute and chronic mastitis were mostly prevalent (Raikwar and Shukla, 2015). In clinical mastitis redness, swelling, heat, and pain were present, while the sub-clinical mastitis rarely manifest any evidence of inflammation except reducing milk yield (Sarker and Samad, 2011). Subclinical mastitis is the most common in goats and is mainly caused by contagious bacteria (Persson et al, 2011).…”

Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Goats Caused by Bacterial Species

“…Escherichia coli are known as the most common environmental contaminants because these are found as a normal flora in the intestine of almost all farm animals (Ansari et al, 2014;Begum et al, 2014). From above workers, Sarker and Samad (2011) reported the incidence of Escherichia coli as a second most in subclinical mastitis milk samples, however in the present study we observed the Bacillus subtilis as second most prevalent organism. These variations might be due to differences in geographical location and/or management conditions at the farm (Abel et al, 2014).…”

“…The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in different herds was recorded between 15-79%. Sarker and Samad (2011) recorded the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in black Bengal goats and reported a significantly higher incidence in left udder halves (79.66 %) as compared to the right udder halves (20.34%). Whereas in present study the prevalence was recorded higher (52.63%) in right quarters as compared to left side quarters (47.36%).…”

Impact of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Farming at Keshabpur Upazilla in Jessore in Bangladesh

“…The lower immunity level of periparturient cows makes the cow more prone to infection in the udder (Rainard and Riollet, 2006). Once a cow gets infected or diseased during the periparturient period, it becomes more susceptible to udder infection due to lowered immunity (Sarker and Samad, 2011;Sharma et al, 2007). Calcium ions are necessary for muscle constriction.…”