Ubiquitous Borane Fuel Electrooxidation on Pd/C and Pt/C Electrocatalysts: Toward Promising Direct Hydrazine–Borane Fuel Cells

Abstract

Carbon-supported platinum and palladium nanoparticles were studied toward the oxidation of several boranes (namely ammonia−borane (AB), dimethylamine−borane (DMAB), hydrazine−borane (HB), and hydrazine−bis-borane (HBB)); only palladium is capable to oxidize directly and efficiently these fuels, as platinum first decomposes the boranes and then valorizes the evolved H 2 and adsorbed H ad . Changing the nature of the borane fuel enables modulation of the borane oxidation performances at palladium electrodes; the best compromise is reached with HB (HBB suffers safety issues, and AB and DMAB are poisoned by the "counter-fragment" and/or its electroinactivity for any electrooxidation reaction). As a result, with a Pd/C electrode, HB oxidation is possible at low potential (close to the theoretical value), which holds promise for direct alkaline fuel cell applications. The temperature, HB concentration, and palladium nanoparticle loading on the electrode have remarkable effects, which shows that the "direct" electrooxidation of the borane fuel (BH 3 OR) or of its adsorbates may compete with its spontaneous catalytic decomposition/hydrolysis into H 2 followed by electrooxidation of H 2 (HOR). The study also highlights that the reactant time of residence influences the pathway and completion of the reactions. These results demonstrate that, using suitable electrocatalysts, well-structured electrodes, and adequate borane fuel, the BH 3 OR thermodynamic onset potential value and the theoretical number of electrons per fuel moiety (n e − = 10 in the case of HB, 6 for the borane fragment and 4 for the hydrazine one) can nearly be reached, at reasonably low anode potential, which paves the way toward optimization of direct HB fuel cell systems.

Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry: Evolution of the Cell Setup for On‐Line Investigation of Products and Screening of Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction

“…Based on its noted importance, in the last decades, the DEMS technique has been applied to investigate products, intermediates, and reaction pathways from several electrochemical processes: oxidation of organic molecules, [25–34] photoelectrochemical water splitting, [35–37] reaction in batteries, [38–40] enzyme activity evaluation, [41] electrocatalytic nitrate reduction, [42–45] carbon corrosion, [46] study of oscillatory process, [47–49] etc [50–55] . In this context, the study of the electroreduction of CO 2 by EC‐MS deserves to be highlighted, given the importance of this electrocatalytic reaction.…”

Synthesis of Novel Artemisinin Derivatives and Their Electrochemical Properties

“…[21] Various catalysts have been developed for direct hydrazine fuel cells as an anode catalyst. For example, CuÀ Ni, [22] PtCu/C, [23] NPGL, [24,25] AuPdDANCs, [26,27] Pd/CNT [28] were applied in fuel cells. In addition, Abdolmaleki et al was used a simple direct hydrazine-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell based on the Au/C catalyzed for cathode and the Co@Au/C core-shell for anode.…”

“…[41,42] Artemisinin a natural endoperoxide isolated from the plant Artemisia annua L, is widely used as an anti-malaria drug and their derivatives have anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. [27][28][29][30] Artemisinin exhibited greater activities than other antivirals, so it is known as the most effective drug in the treatment of malaria. [43,44] Semisynthetic derivatives Table 1.…”

“…Various catalysts have been developed for direct hydrazine fuel cells as an anode catalyst. For example, Cu−Ni, [22] PtCu/C, [23] NPGL, [24,25] AuPdDANCs, [26,27] Pd/CNT [28] were applied in fuel cells. In addition, Abdolmaleki et al .…”

Crusty-Structured Cu@NiCo Nanoparticles as Anode Catalysts in Alkaline Fuel Cells

“…Although hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are eco-friendly with no greenhouse gas emissions, there are still bottlenecks in their provision and commercialization. , This has been attributed to the high cost caused by the use of platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts and issues related to hydrogen storage and transport. − In this regard, the hydrazine fuel cell, which is a liquid alkaline fuel cell, can be an alternative. The hydrazine fuel cell has long been an attractive option because the use of hydrazine hydrate as a fuel provides convenient transportation, easy storage, and facile supply; − as if, current internal combustion (ICE) easily uses liquid fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel. In addition, the hydrazine fuel cell has a high theoretical potential (1.56 V) and a high energy density (5.4 kWh L –1 ) and does not generate carbon emissions, producing only nitrogen and water as byproducts. − …”