Ubiquinone electrochemistry in analysis and sensing

Abstract

Ubiquinone (UQ) is a lipophilic compound present in most living organisms, where UQ's interesting but complex electrochemistry serves an important role in the transfer of electrons and protons within and across the mitochondrial membrane. We briefly review the electrochemical characteristics of UQ and its reduced state, ubiquinol, in solution and immobilized on electrodes, together with its application in electrochemical sensing and detection systems, for example, measuring redox status with reference to reactive oxidative species. The importance of the local environment, solvent, electrolyte, organic membrane, and pH, on the electrochemical behavior of UQ, is also discussed. We discuss techniques used for the direct detection of UQ such as liquid chromatographyelectrochemistry. Mediated electrochemistry of UQ allows for quantitative measurements of ions, small molecules, and other analytes such as glucose via chemical sensors and biosensors.

Electrochemical approaches based on micro- and nanomaterials for diagnosing oxidative stress

“…Diagnose and determination of the oxidized and reduced form of CoQ n derivatives is significant for oxidative stress conditions and has a direct relationship with some other diseases such as Parkinson's, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, aging, and neonatal hypoxia [170]. Numerous studies were reported on the electrochemical behavior of CoQ n derivatives in non-aqueous, aqueous, non-buffered, or buffered solutions, and observed that the number of oxidation and reduction peaks depends on protic or aprotic experiment media [171]. The most widely used endogenous coenzymes are CoQ10 that present in mammals and mitochondria.…”