Über Spirochätenbefunde im Zentralnervensystem mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der syphilogenen Erkrankungen

Schlossberger, H.; Brandis, H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-94735-3_27

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The interval from infection to onset of dementia varies between few months to 50 years, with an average of 20 years. In this form of general paresis, lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates are lacking or are rare and the number of spirochetes can be very high (Jahnel, 1916 , 1917a , b , c , 1918 , 1919 , 1920 , 1921 , 1922 ; Pacheco e Silva, 1926 , 1926–1927 ; Rizzo, 1931 ; Merritt et al, 1946 ; Schlossberger and Brandis, 1958 ; Miklossy, 2008a , b , 2011a ). The number of spirochetes in the brain increases with the severity of dementia and the degree of brain atrophy (Pacheco e Silva, 1926–1927 ).…”

Section: Pathological Hallmarks Of the Atrophic Form Of General Paresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He also pointed out that their microscopic location was most prominent in the middle layers of the cerebral cortex. Later, Forster and Tomasczewski, 1913 ; Levaditi et al, 1913 ; Marie et al, 1913 ; Moore, 1913 ; Bouman, 1918 ; Hauptmann, 1919 , 1920 ; Herschmann, 1920 ; Sprenger, 1920 ; Bravetta, 1921 ; Coppola, 1922 ; Manouélian, 1922 ; Schob, 1925 ; Pacheco e Silva, 1926 , 1926–1927 ; Dieterle, 1928 ; Aars, 1930 ; Rizzo, 1931 ; Steiner, 1940 ; Merritt et al, 1946 ; Schlossberger and Brandis, 1958 ; Miklossy, 2008a ; Miklossy et al, 2008c , and many others reported diffusely disseminated individual or plaque-like colonies of spirochetes in the cerebral cortex in general paresis.…”

Section: Pathological Hallmarks Of the Atrophic Form Of General Paresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We selected those reports where the clinical, laboratory and neuropathological examination confirmed syphilitic infection, and the histological detection of spirochetes in the brain was performed. Our first search was based on articles referenced in a chapter of Handbuch der Speziellen Pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie on the detection of spirochetes in the central nervous system in various neuro-psychiatric disorders in syphilis (Schlossberger and Brandis, 1958 ). Articles and books in English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian and Hungarian were all included.…”

Section: Search Strategy and Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historic evidence to support a causal relationship between spirochetal infections and Alzheimer’s disease

Miklóssy

2015

Front. Aging Neurosci.

138

109

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Following previous observations a statistically significant association between various types of spirochetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) fulfilled Hill’s criteria in favor of a causal relationship. If spirochetal infections can indeed cause AD, the pathological and biological hallmarks of AD should also occur in syphilitic dementia. To answer this question, observations and illustrations on the detection of spirochetes in the atrophic form of general paresis, which is known to be associated with slowly progressive dementia, were reviewed and compared with the characteristic pathology of AD. Historic observations and illustrations published in the first half of the 20th Century indeed confirm that the pathological hallmarks, which define AD, are also present in syphilitic dementia. Cortical spirochetal colonies are made up by innumerable tightly spiraled Treponema pallidum spirochetes, which are morphologically indistinguishable from senile plaques, using conventional light microscopy. Local brain amyloidosis also occurs in general paresis and, as in AD, corresponds to amyloid beta. These historic observations enable us to conclude that chronic spirochetal infections can cause dementia and reproduce the defining hallmarks of AD. They represent further evidence in support a causal relationship between various spirochetal infections and AD. They also indicate that local invasion of the brain by these helically shaped bacteria reproduce the filamentous pathology characteristic of AD. Chronic infection by spirochetes, and co-infection with other bacteria and viruses should be included in our current view on the etiology of AD. Prompt action is needed as AD might be prevented.

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Section: Pathological Hallmarks Of the Atrophic Form Of General Paresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathological Hallmarks Of the Atrophic Form Of General Paresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search Strategy and Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Historic evidence to support a causal relationship between spirochetal infections and Alzheimer’s disease

Miklóssy

2015

Front. Aging Neurosci.

138

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Über Spirochätenbefunde im Zentralnervensystem mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der syphilogenen Erkrankungen

Cited by 1 publication

References 57 publications

Historic evidence to support a causal relationship between spirochetal infections and Alzheimer’s disease

Historic evidence to support a causal relationship between spirochetal infections and Alzheimer’s disease

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