Über Nitridhalogenide des Titans und Zirkons

Jůza, Robert; Heners, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/zaac.19643320307

Cited by 98 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The a-polymorphs of MNX (M ¼ Ti, Zr; X ¼ Cl, Br, I) are synthesized at reaction temperatures of about 180-500 C, whereas the b-phases require higher temperatures for their formation (600 C) [16]. In both cases the by-products ammonium halides, amide halides like M(NH 2 ) 3 X (M ¼ Ti, Zr; X ¼ Cl, Br) [14,17,18], different ammonia adducts such as MX 4 Á n NH 3 (M ¼ Ti, Zr; X ¼ Cl, Br, I; n ¼ 2, 4,5,6,8) [12,13,17,19,20] and (NH 4 ) 2 [MCl 6 ] (M ¼ Ti, Zr) [21,22] necessitate a purification step, which comprises sublimation or thermal treatment in an ammonia stream at the synthesis temperature (see Table 1).…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially the ammonia adducts and amides were observed as main products at low temperatures (<400 C) [20], while at higher temperatures (>750 C) binary nitrides with several compositions (Zr 3 N 4 , Zr 3 N, ZrN, MN x with M ¼ Ti, Zr) are obtained [19,20,22]. For higher crystallinity of the product the purified nitride halides were annealed at synthesis temperatures for the a-polymorph (180-400 C) and at higher temperatures for the b-phase (900-1000 C) [16]. Beside the formation of by-products and low product crystallinity, the usage of tetrahalides was regarded disadvantageous, because of their moisture sensitivity and thus frequent formation of oxide impurities.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative ways to produce the group IV nitride halides in a simpler or less elaborated synthesis did not lead to favourable results. For example, the direct halogenation of the binary nitrides MN was investigated for M ¼ Ti, Zr [16,23], but synthesis of the titanium nitride halides via this route failed, while for the zirconium analogue it becomes possible if a small amount of the zirconium tetrahalide is present. The direct nitridation of TiCl 4 with active nitrogen [24] produced the chlorine-rich phases Ti x NCl 5 (x !…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid hydrogen in the products directly, many reports note a limited scale synthesis for the gas-solid reaction technique (200 mg of starting materials) [2]. b) The b-polymorphs of the MNX-series (M ¼ Zr, Hf; X ¼ Cl, Br, I) were obtained only for the nitride chlorides of Zr and Hf [5,16,32,40] as well as for b-ZrNBr. However, the b-polymorphs are seemingly the better host for intercalation leading to superconducting compounds.…”

Section: Synthesis Via Gas-solid Reaction and Annealingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NH 3 stream: The samples were treated in a similar manner as in sublimation, but ammonia is used as reactive stream [16]. A modification can be made by mixing inert gas and ammonia in various ratios.…”

Section: Purification Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superconducting nitride halides MNX (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; X = Cl, Br, I)

Schurz

Shlyk

Schleid

et al. 2011

Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie

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Abstract. Two different polymorphs of the metal nitride halides MNX (M ¼ Ti, Zr, Hf; X ¼ Cl, Br, I) are known to crystallize in layered structures. The two crystal structures differ in the way 2 1 {X[M 2 N 2 ]X} slabs are stacked along the c-axes. Metal atoms and/or organic molecules can be intercalated into the van-der-Waals gap between these layers. After such an electron-doping via intercalation the prototypic band insulators change into superconductors with moderate high critical temperatures T c up to 25.5 K. This review gathers information on synthesis routes, structural characteristics and properties of the prototypic nitride halides and the derivatives after electron-doping with a focus on superconductivity.

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Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Via Gas-solid Reaction and Annealingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Purification Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Superconducting nitride halides MNX (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; X = Cl, Br, I)

Schurz

Shlyk

Schleid

et al. 2011

Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie

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Titanium Compounds, Inorganic

Jones¹,

Edwards²,

Kallioinen³

2019

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Properties and applications of technologically important inorganic compounds of titanium are surveyed. The most important compound is titanium dioxide which, because of its high refractive index, is manufactured as a white pigment at a scale of ca 7 million tpa. Raw materials and pigment production processes are reviewed. Mixed oxides, for example, barium titanate, are important raw materials for electroceramics. Titanium hydrides provide a convenient method of hydrogen storage. Titanium boride, titanium carbide, and titanium nitride are used as components of hard materials, for example, for cutting tools. They are electrically conducting. The chlorides are the most important halides. Titanium trichloride is the basis of widely used polymerization catalysts. Titanium tetrachloride is an intermediate in the production of both titanium metal and (via the chloride process) titanium dioxide pigment. Titanium dioxide pigment is also made (in the sulfate process) by precipitation from solutions of titanium in sulfuric acid. Titanium sulfides may be used as cathodes in high efficiency batteries. The properties of some titanium compounds with silicon and phosphorus are reviewed. Analytical methods and environmental, health and safety aspects are summarized.

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A Dual‐Functional Titanium Nitride Chloride Layered Matrix with Facile Lithium‐Ion Diffusion Path and Decoupled Electron Transport as High‐Capacity Anodes

Zhao

Dong

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Intercalation typed electrodes are expected with low theoretical capacity, which falls behind their high rate performance and stability. In this work, α‐TiNCl, an isoelectronic system of TiO2, is designed as a promising high‐capacity intercalation anode. TiNCl features are layered TiN backbone terminated by Cl atoms. While the rocksalt TiN backbones function as electron conductors, the interlayer voids provide Cl‐coordinated Li+ sites without strong Li‐Ti repulsion, which proves to be a rapid diffusion path with a low energy barrier (0.06 vs 0.47 eV of TiO2). Therefore, a dual‐functional TiNCl matrix is established for Li+ and e– transport. To stabilize the layered structure, TiNCl is scaffolded by an in situ grown TiO2 coating, which also serves as an electron reservoir during lithiation. The TiNCl‐TiO2 anode exhibits significantly large Li+ intercalation capacity (243% of TiO2) and outstanding battery performance (231 mA h g–1 at ≈17 C for 2500 cycles, 94 mA h g–1 at ≈34 C for 10 000 cycles). The (+) LiCoO2 || TiNCl‐TiO2 (–) full battery maintains 170 mA h g–1 for 300 cycles. This work may shed light on the molecular engineering of new compounds for electrodes.

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Über Nitridhalogenide des Titans und Zirkons

Cited by 98 publications

References 7 publications

Superconducting nitride halides MNX (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; X = Cl, Br, I)

Superconducting nitride halides MNX (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; X = Cl, Br, I)

Titanium Compounds, Inorganic

A Dual‐Functional Titanium Nitride Chloride Layered Matrix with Facile Lithium‐Ion Diffusion Path and Decoupled Electron Transport as High‐Capacity Anodes

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