Über Invertseifen, VIII. Mitteil.: Reduktion von Tetrazoliumsalzen durch Bakterien, gärende Hefe und keimende Samen

Kühn, Richard; Jerchel, Dietrich

doi:10.1002/cber.19410740615

Cited by 152 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[14] One of the most widely used detection methods for superoxide in biological samples is colorimetric, through the reduction of pale-yellow nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBTC) to its pale-blue formazan. [16,17] Given their striking colour upon reduction, they were quickly exploited in the detection of reducing substances and particularly superoxide. [16,17] Given their striking colour upon reduction, they were quickly exploited in the detection of reducing substances and particularly superoxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Superoxide Sensor

Nissim

Compton

2014

ChemElectroChem

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The electrochemistry of nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBTC) was studied in aqueous solutions of pH 6.97 on a glassy carbon macroelectrode and at a carbon fibre microelectrode; values of near unity for the reduction transfer coefficient and 7.2×10−6 cm2 s−1 for the diffusion coefficient were generated. The electrochemically produced diformazan was shown to adsorb on the glassy carbon surface if the potential was held at −0.35 V [vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)]. A carbon paste electrode, fabricated by using dioctyl phthalate and graphite powder, was used as a nonenzymatic sensor. The sensitivity of the diformazan oxidation signal to the presence of superoxide was exploited to detect superoxide, which is voltammetrically visible at about +0.69 V (vs. SCE). The paste electrode was first immersed in aqueous superoxide solutions. It was subsequently equilibrated with NBTC by immersing it into aqueous NBTC solutions. The reduction of NBTC (by superoxide) thus took place in the paste, which allowed quantification of the superoxide in the aqueous phase by means of the diformazan oxidation signal. Values for the practical limit of detection and the sensor sensitivity, 0.059 nM and 1.79 μA nM−1 respectively, were obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Superoxide Sensor

Nissim

Compton

2014

ChemElectroChem

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“…triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) [21, 22, 23]. Our results suggest the combination of this in vitro test model with SLOT to be a valuable tool in biofilm research and dental implant material science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D imaging of biofilms on implants by detection of scattered light with a scanning laser optical tomograph

Heidrich¹,

Kühnel²,

Kellner³

et al. 2011

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Biofilms – communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces – are a constant threat for long-term success in modern implantology. The application of laser scanning microscopy (LSM) has increased the knowledge about microscopic properties of biofilms, whereas a 3D imaging technique for the large scale visualization of bacterial growth and migration on curved and non-transparent surfaces is not realized so far.Towards this goal, we built a scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) setup detecting scattered laser light to image biofilm on dental implant surfaces. SLOT enables the visualization of living biofilms in 3D by detecting the wavelength-dependent absorption of non-fluorescent stains like e.g. reduced triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) accumulated within metabolically active bacterial cells. Thus, the presented system allows the large scale investigation of vital biofilm structure and in vitro development on cylindrical and non-transparent objects without the need for fluorescent vital staining. We suggest SLOT to be a valuable tool for the structural and volumetric investigation of biofilm formation on implants with sizes up to several millimeters.

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“…However much progress in the field of Chemisty of formazans took place after 1939, when Lakon, [20] before Kuhn and Jerchel [21] found that colorless tetrazolium salts are very sensitive to biological reduction processes and got converted to intensely colored formazans.…”

Section: Mesomeric Forms Of Formazansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247] The tetrazolium-formazan couple is a special redox system acting as a proton-acceptor or as an oxidant. [248] In 1941, Kuhn and Jerchel [21,31] Formazan/tetrazolium system is described as the marker of vitality. [250][251] …”

Section: Biological Applications Of Formazansmentioning

confidence: 99%