über Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren

Spemann, Hans; Mangold, Hilde

doi:10.1007/bf02108176

Cited by 356 publications

(366 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This organizer was initially coherently described after it was found that cells of the upper (dorsal) blastopore lip of gastrulae-staged urodele amphibian embryos could generate, by changing the fate of surrounding cells, a second body axis when transplanted into an indifferent embryonic region (Spemann and Mangold, 1924;Spemann, 1931). This axis was found to be organized both rostrocaudally and dorsoventrally; thus the organizer not only instructed neighboring cell and tissue fate it further directed the global morphogenetic cues that regulate four-dimensional embryonic development (Spemann and Mangold, 1924;Hamburger, 1988;Harland and Gerhardt, 1997;Nieto, 1999;Camus and Tam, 1999;Gerhart, 2001;Stern, 2005). Equivalent embryonic regions subsequently have been identified in teleost (the shield), avian (Henson's node), and mammalian (node) embryos (Waddington, 1932/3;Oppenheimer, 1936a,b;Beddington, 1994;Kessler and Melton, 1994;Shih and Fraser, 1996;Camus and Tam, 1999;Foley and Stern, 2001).…”

Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Significantly, in these seminal "organizer" experiments, head structures rostral to the level of the otic capsule were not induced (Spemann and Mangold, 1924;reviewed by Gerhart, 2001). These and subsequent experimental embryological and teratogenic experiments, mainly in amphibians, lead to the concept of a distinct "head organizer" for the organizer activity responsible for anterior, cephalic development, whereby a second head could be induced (Spemann, 1931;Mangold, 1933;Niehrs, 1999;Nieto 1999;Stern, 2005).…”

Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Through manipulation of embryos, it has been variously understood for close to a century that a second body axis can be experimentally induced, an activity eventually attributed to an embryonic "Organizer" (Spemann and Mangold, 1924;Spemann, 1931;Huxley and de Beer, 1934;Nieto, 1999;Gerhart, 2001). This organizer was initially coherently described after it was found that cells of the upper (dorsal) blastopore lip of gastrulae-staged urodele amphibian embryos could generate, by changing the fate of surrounding cells, a second body axis when transplanted into an indifferent embryonic region (Spemann and Mangold, 1924;Spemann, 1931).…”

Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

Depew

Simpson

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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Classic neontology (comparative embryology and anatomy), through the application of the concept of homology, has demonstrated that the development of the gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) skull is characterized both by a fidelity to the gnathostome bauplan and the exquisite elaboration of final structural design. Just as homology is an old concept amended for modern purposes, so are many of the questions regarding the development of the skull. With due deference to Geoffroy-St. Hilaire, Cuvier, Owen, Lankester et al., we are still asking: How are bauplan fidelity and elaboration of design maintained, coordinated, and modified to generate the amazing diversity seen in cranial morphologies? What establishes and maintains pattern in the skull? Are there universal developmental mechanisms underlying gnathostome autapomorphic structural traits? Can we detect and identify the etiologies of heterotopic (change in the topology of a developmental event), heterochronic (change in the timing of a developmental event), and heterofacient (change in the active capacetence, or the elaboration of capacity, of a developmental event) changes in craniofacial development within and between taxa? To address whether jaws are all made in a like manner (and if not, then how not), one needs a starting point for the sake of comparison. To this end, we present here a "hinge and caps" model that places the articulation, and subsequently the polarity and modularity, of the upper and lower jaws in the context of cranial neural crest competence to respond to positionally located epithelial signals. This model expands on an evolving model of polarity within the mandibular arch and seeks to explain a developmental patterning system that apparently keeps gnathostome jaws in functional registration yet tractable to potential changes in functional demands over time. It relies upon a system for the establishment of positional information where pattern and placement of the "hinge" is driven by factors common to the junction of the maxillary and mandibular branches of the first arch and of the "caps" by the signals emanating from the distal-most first arch midline and the lamboidal junction (where the maxillary branch meets the frontonasal processes). In this particular model, the functional registration of jaws is achieved by the integration of "hinge" and "caps" signaling, with the "caps" sharing at some critical level a developmental history that potentiates their own coordination. We examine the evidential foundation for this model in mice, examine the robustness with which it can be applied to other taxa, and examine potential proximate sources of the signaling centers. Lastly, as developmental biologists have long held that the anterior-most mesendoderm (anterior archenteron roof or prechordal plate) is in some way integral to the normal formation of the head, including the cranial skeletal midlines, we review evidence that the seminal patterning influences on the early anterior ectoderm extend well beyond the neural plate and are just as importan...

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Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

Depew

Simpson

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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“…The induction and organization of the dorsal axial structures of the vertebrate embryo have been a central theme of experimental embryology, especially after the Nobel Prize-winning work of Spemann and Mangold (1924). Spemann proposed the following for neural plate induction: "It would be entirely conceivable that [its] induction which occurs after exposure to the subjacent mesoderm is merely the continuation of another induction which was initiated when the [prospective mesodermal and ectodermall materials were still lying side by side on the surface" (Spemann, 1927, page 950; quoted and translated to English by Hamburger, 1988, page 68).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that the border of the neural plate may be positioned by the interaction between signals that induce ventral and dorsal mesoderm

Zhang

Jacobson

1993

Developmental Dynamics

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In the early Xenopus. embryo, a quadrant of endodermal cells that have descended from the vegetal dorsal localization in the zygote produces signals that pass into the animal hemisphere and induce dorsal mesoderm from the marginal zone. From the remaining three quadrants of the bordering endoderm, signals pass into the animal hemisphere and induce ventral mesoderm in the marginal region. There is evidence that suggests that these same mesoderm-inducing signals continue through the plane of the tissue of the animal hemisphere where they may at least begin the processes of neural and epidermal induction by changing the competence of the prospective ectodermal cells, and possibly influencing the early regional biasing of later expression of at least some gene products, such as Epi-1 whose expression in the future epidermal domain seems specified before gastrulation. We hypothesized that the interaction of the ventral and dorsal signals within the plane of the tissue of the animal hemisphere may position the border of the neural plate. If this is so, then transplantation into the animal pole of cells that signal induction of ventral mesoderm should drive the neural plate boundary back toward the blastopore and shorten the anterior-posterior axis. Removal of cells that induce ventral mesoderm should result in an axis that is longer than normal. Results of our experiments support these predictions. Also, by late pregastrula stage 9, increasing the ventral signals has no effect. Thus the evidence suggests that the position of the anterior neural plate boundary is established before gastrulation begins by the interaction of the signals that induce the ventral and dorsal mesoderm.

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“…Transplanting a small piece of dorsal lip into the ventral side of another embryo causes the formation of a secondary axis, resulting in a twinned embryo and thus, the dorsal lip of blastopore is named the organizer [1]. Due to the functional importance of the organizer, intense efforts have been placed on deciphering its molecular properties and in past decades dozens of organizer genes have been identified(reviewed by Heasman J [2]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and analysing of 5′ flanking region of Xenopus organizer gene noggin

et al. 1999

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Xenopus organizer specific gene Noggin possesses nearly all the characterestic properties of the action of organizer to specify the embryonic body axis. To analyze how the maternal inherited factors control its expression pattern, we cloned the 5' regulatory region of noggin gene. The 1.5 kb upstream sequense could direct reporter gene to express in vivo and data from deletion analysis indicated that a 229 base pair fragmet is essential for activating noggin expression. We further demonstrated that the response elements within this regulatory region were indeed under the control of growth factor activin and Wnt signaling pathway components.

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über Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren

Cited by 356 publications

References 6 publications

21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

Evidence that the border of the neural plate may be positioned by the interaction between signals that induce ventral and dorsal mesoderm

Cloning and analysing of 5′ flanking region of Xenopus organizer gene noggin

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über Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren

Cited by 356 publications

References 6 publications

21st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

21st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

Evidence that the border of the neural plate may be positioned by the interaction between signals that induce ventral and dorsal mesoderm

Cloning and analysing of 5′ flanking region of Xenopus organizer gene noggin

Contact Info

Product

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21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull