Über die Pankreatrope Wirkung von Hypophysenvorderlappenextrakten

Anselmino, K. J.; Herold, L.; Hoffmann, Fr.

doi:10.1007/bf01812526

Cited by 46 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An hypertrophy and neoformation of islet tissue was obtained in 3 days in the rat by Anselmino, Herold, and Hoffmann (1933) and other species (Anselmino, Herold, and Hoffmann, 1935;Hoffmann, 1933, 1936). Other authors have been unable to obtain such rapid effects, but Richardson and Young (1938) found the amount of island tissue was doubled after 2 or 3 weeks of treatment of rats, with an increased insulin content of 130 to 250 per cent (Marks and Young, 1940a, b).…”

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The Hypophysis and Secretion of Insulin

Houssay

Foglia

Smyth

et al. 1942

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The ability of the pancreas, from various types of dogs, to correct diabetic hyperglycemia has been studied (Table XI). The pancreas from one animal was united by a vascular union with the neck blood vessels of another dog which had been pancreatectomized for 20 hours. The time necessary to reduce the blood sugar level to 120 mg. per cent was determined. 1. Pancreas from 6 hypophysectomized dogs produced a normal insulin secretion, showing that an anterior pituitary hormone is not necessary for its production or maintenance. 2. In 14 of 17 normal dogs given anterior pituitary extract for 3 or more consecutive days and presenting diabetes (fasting blood sugar 150 mg. per cent or more) the pancreas showed diminished insulin production. 3. In animals which remained diabetic after discontinuing the injections of hypophyseal extract, the pancreas islands were markedly pathologic and the insulin secretion was practically nil. 4. When hyperglycemia existed on the 2nd to 5th day but fell later, the insulin secretion of 5 dogs was normal in 2, supernormal in 1, and less than normal in 2. Histologic examination showed a restoration of beta cells. 5. In 14 dogs resistant to the diabetogenic action of anterior pituitary extract, as shown by little or no change in blood sugar, the pancreatic secretion of insulin was normal in 6 cases, supernormal in 3, and subnormal in 5 cases. Clear signs of hyperfunction of B cells were observed. In 6 resistant animals a high blood sugar (150 mg. per cent) appeared shortly before transplanting, but insulin secretion was normal in 4, supernormal in 1, and subnormal in 1 case. 6. With one injection of extract and 1 day of hyperglycemia the capacity of the pancreas to secrete insulin was not altered. 7. A high blood sugar level lasting 4 days does not alter the islets. The hypophyseal extract acts, therefore, by some other mechanism. In normal dogs, the continuous intravenous infusion of glucose for 4 days maintained the blood sugar at levels as high as those after pituitary extract. In these animals the B cells were hyperplastic and insulin secretion normal. 8. Anterior hypophyseal hyperglycemia is due at first to extrapancreatic factors which are the most important, and last only during the injections of extracts. Pancreatic factors appear afterwards and are responsible for permanent diabetes. Hypophyseal extract produces histological changes in many tissues and damages the Langerhans islands. The coexistent high blood sugar probably exhausts the B cells and exaggerates their injury. 9. In all cases there is a relation between the cytology of the islet B cells and the insulin secreting capacity.

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“…In acromegaly the hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary might account for the presence of glycosuria in 32 per cent of the published cases (Atkinson, 1936). Some of these acromegalia showed resistance to insulin which was reduced after partial removal of the pituitary adenoma (Davidoff and Cushing, 1927).…”

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The Hypophysis and Secretion of Insulin

Houssay

Foglia

Smyth

et al. 1942

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…7). Anselmino (1933) isolated an extract from the anterior lobe of the pituitary which he found not only lowered the sugar content of the blood shortly after subcutaneous injection, but also, upon repeated injection, led to bypertrophy of the islands of Langerbans. This suggested straightway a method of improving the diabetic, and to this I shall refer later.…”

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Discussion on the Morbid Conditions Which Cause Progressive Hyperglycæmic Glycosuria and the Circumstances Which Modify its Course

1936

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine

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removed the pancreas from von Mering's dog and found that it died after presenting the signs of diabetes mellitus, attention was centred upon that organ, the deterioration of which was considered to be the cause of all cases of hyperglyciemic glycosuria.Nevertheless more than a quarter of a century ago von Noorden and many others stated that the liver and the adrenal glands were involved in diabetes mellitus. Now we know that, in addition to these, the lobes of the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, and the muscles, influence carbohydrate metabolism. Following the isolation of insulin by Banting and Best, there was once more a tendency to conclude that the pancreas wad the sole factor in diabetes mellitus, and this is well illustrated by the authors of several textbooks of medicine defining diabetes mellitus as an insufficiency of insulin or a condition which prevents it from acting.When it was found that some patients presenting the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus failed to respond to huge doses of insulin, doubt was thrown upon the belief that the pancreas was the sole factor and this doubt became more pronounced when Baker, Dickens, and Dodds (1924) demonstrated that the pancreas of a man who had died in diabetic coma contained quite a large amount of insulin.

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Quantitative studies of pancreas and islands of Langerhans in relation to age, sex, and body weight in White Leghorn chickens

Oakberg

1949

Am. J. Anat.

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Über die Pankreatrope Wirkung von Hypophysenvorderlappenextrakten

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

The Hypophysis and Secretion of Insulin

The Hypophysis and Secretion of Insulin

Discussion on the Morbid Conditions Which Cause Progressive Hyperglycæmic Glycosuria and the Circumstances Which Modify its Course

Quantitative studies of pancreas and islands of Langerhans in relation to age, sex, and body weight in White Leghorn chickens

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