Über die Beziehungen zwischen Hypophysenvorderlappen und Schilddrüse

Hohlweg, W; Junkmann, K.

doi:10.1007/bf01754779

Cited by 49 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the opinion of many authors, the basic phenomenon responsible for the onset of puberty is the progressive decrease of forebrain sensitivity to circulating steroids. This hypothesis, first suggested by Holweg & Dohrn (1932) and then by Donovan & van der Werff ten Bosch (1965), has been verified in animals (Bloch et al, 1974;Eldridge et al, 1974;Steele & Weisz, 1974) as well as in humans . The threshold of sensitivity of the hypothalamic gonadostat progressively increases during puberty, with pituitary inhibition requiring increasing levels of oestrogen and testosterone as pubertal maturation develops.…”

Section: (B) Increase Of Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal Sensitivity Tmentioning

confidence: 81%

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal Relationships in Man From Birth to Puberty

Forest

Peretti

Bertrand

1976

Clinical Endocrinology

134

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Gonadal function depends upon activities at various levels. Thus there is: (a) a central level (extra-hypothalamic, hypothalamic, and anterior pituitary); (b) an intermediate level (gonadal and plasma), and (c) a peripheral level consisting of the target organs to which the hormonal message is directed. These determine both the expression of gonadal function (physical, physiological, or psychological) and the feedback regulation of the secretion of gonadotrophins.(a) Central level (i) Extra-hypothalamic centres. The production of LH releasing hormone (LHRH) is affected in the rat, and probably in primates as well, by extra-hypothalamic stimuli coming, in particular, from the amygdala and the hippocampus. Adrenergic regulation exists at this level, noradrenaline having a stimulatory and dopamine an inhibitory effect (Bliss et al., 1972).(ii) Hypothalamic centres. These are localized in particular in the pre-optic area. Immunochemical techniques have demonstrated that LHRH is secreted by neurones of the arcuate nucleus, and released into the capillary plexus proximal to the hypophyseal portal system at the level of the median eminence, thereby reaching the anterior pituitary (Barry & Dubois, 1974;Setalo et al., 1975).(iii) Gonadotrophin secreting cells of the anterior pituitary. These synthesize and secrete the gonadotrophins, LH and FSH, under the influence of LHRH (Schally et al., 1972). The pituitary gonadotrophins stimulate the synthesis and the secretion of the gonadal

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Section: (B) Increase Of Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal Sensitivity Tmentioning

confidence: 81%

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal Relationships in Man From Birth to Puberty

Forest

Peretti

Bertrand

1976

Clinical Endocrinology

134

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“…Further¬ more, they were not affected by ovariectomy, but became rapidly degranulated after thyroidectomy. Large chromophobic cells with vacuolated cytoplasm which appeared throughout the gland shortly after thyroidectomy are probably equivalent to the 'thyroidectomy cells' described by Hohlweg & Junkmann (1933) and Purves & Griesbach (1956) among other authors. As in the case of the gonadotrophic cells, the presence of stainable material in the Golgi zone of otherwise chromophobic cells suggests that although there was no storage of hormone in the cytoplasm, synthetic activity continued.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations In Cytologymentioning

confidence: 89%

Gonadotrophic and Thyrotrophic Cells of the Pituitary Gland of the Ferret

Holmes¹

1963

Journal of Endocrinology

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The regional distribution of types of cell in the pars distalis of the ferret's pituitary gland has been described. Seasonal variations in cytology, and the effect of thyroidectomy and gonadectomy have been studied.The gonadotrophic cells contain coarse PAS-positive granules, and are distributed widely throughout the gland. In anoestrous animals they are poorly granulated, and become almost totally degranulated after ovariectomy. PAS-positive cells which also stain with Alcian blue appear to be thyrotrophic in function, and become degranulated after thyroidectomy. They occur throughout most of the gland, but especially in ventral and rostro-lateral regions.Pregnancy, or treatment of ovariectomized animals with oestrogen, is followed by the appearance of numerous cells equivalent to the ' c ar mi nophils' of the cat.

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“…Furthermore, they concluded that an increased sensitivity of the nervous centre to the inhibiting effect of small quantities of estrogen is the reason for the inactivity of the gonads before puberty and that the onset of puberty is connected with a decrease in responsiveness of the sexual centre towards hormones of the gonad. As early as 1933 they discovered the feedback mechanism between the hormone production of the thyroid and the thyrotrophic function of the pituitary, postulating a nervous centre inside of this system (Hohlweg and Junkmann, 1933).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%