Über die Beziehungen des vegetativen Nervensystems zur Sensibilität

Foerster, O.; Altenburger, H.; Kroll, Friedrich-Wilhelm

doi:10.1007/bf02864408

Cited by 57 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Pain is unique in that many methods of stimulation can evoke it. Various studies on pain sensitivity have been made with the use of chemical, electrical, mechanical and thermal stimuli (6–16). Before 1940, these methods to evaluate cutaneous pain sensitivity were limited principally by the technical difficulties of establishing a stimulus which could be controlled and measured, and which allowed a clearly defined end‐point of perception.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to Pain in Relationship to Age*

Sherman

Robillard

1964

J American Geriatrics Society

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to Pain in Relationship to Age*

Sherman

Robillard

1964

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…The peripheral visceral efferent conduction pathway consists of two neurons, a visceral efferent cerebrospinal nerve component and an autonomic neuron ; the former may be designated the preganglionic, the latter the ganglionic neuron. On the basis of the distribution of the preganglionic neurons in the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system may be divided into (1) the cranial division, which is connected with the brain stem through preganglionic components of the third, seventh, ninth, tenth and eleventh cranial nerves, (2) the thoracolumbar division, which is connected with the spinal cord through preganglionic components of the thoracic and first and second lumbar spinal nerves, and (3) the sacral division, which is connected with the spinal cord through preganglionic components of the second, third and fourth sacral nerves.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Autonomic Nervous System

Kuntz¹

1936

JAMA

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“…Wancura-Kampik 34 and Bekkering and van Bussel 68 pointed out the differences in the outlines of dermatome charts as drawn by different authors. If we had used other dermatome charts, for example, those of Foerster et al 77 or Sherrington, 78 as a matrix to map the traditional acupuncture points, this might have resulted in a slightly different outcome of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The selection of dermatomes for sham (placebo) acupuncture points is relevant for the outcome of acupuncture studies: a systematic review of sham (placebo)-controlled randomized acupuncture trials

et al. 2020

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Background: Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture reveal no significant differences between acupuncture and so-called placebo acupuncture. There is a strong tendency to replace the term “placebo” by the term “sham,” because any needling stimulates a certain physiological response. However, neither concept accounts for the great diversity of results in RCTs comparing verum acupuncture and sham (placebo) acupuncture. Some trials have shown little or no difference, while other studies have found statistically significant differences. Objective: Verum acupuncture and sham (placebo) acupuncture may achieve similar results to the extent that they share active constituents. We identified these common active constituents as dermatomes: the segmental structure of the human body. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that the more verum and sham (placebo) acupuncture share the same dermatomes, the closer the clinical outcomes will be, and vice versa. Methods: All major databases were searched for RCTs that tested acupuncture versus sham (placebo) acupuncture. The dermatome charts of Hansen and Schliack were used to verify verum and sham (placebo) needling locations. Reported clinical outcomes were assessed in relation to the percentage of overlap between the dermatomes stimulated by acupuncture and sham (placebo) acupuncture. Results: Our literature search yielded a total of 1738 references. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. The effects of sham (placebo) acupuncture varied according to the dermatomes stimulated: high overlap with those stimulated by verum acupuncture resulted in almost identical efficacy, while low overlap resulted in significant differences in efficacy. Clinical outcomes were similar when verum acupuncture and sham (placebo) acupuncture shared the same dermatomes (p < 0.01). Discussion: The findings of this review confirm our hypothesis. Acupuncture studies that employed verum and sham locations on overlapping dermatomes helped to create a mediocre to negative picture of acupuncture’s efficacy. The segmental structure of the body with its interconnected reflex system offers an additional neurophysiological explanation for the effectiveness of acupuncture applied to structures segmentally innervated by the spinal and visceral nervous system. Further comparative acupuncture studies should be based on knowledge of segmental anatomy. In testing verum acupuncture versus sham acupuncture, the chosen sham acupuncture needling locations should be situated on non-overlapping dermatomes.

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Über die Beziehungen des vegetativen Nervensystems zur Sensibilität

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

Sensitivity to Pain in Relationship to Age*

Sensitivity to Pain in Relationship to Age*

The Autonomic Nervous System

The selection of dermatomes for sham (placebo) acupuncture points is relevant for the outcome of acupuncture studies: a systematic review of sham (placebo)-controlled randomized acupuncture trials

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