Über den Entwicklungsstand der in der Immunbiologie gebräuchlichen Adjuvantien

Haas, R.; Thomssen, R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-38352-0_2

“…As far as the adsorption of antigens on aluminium adjuvants is concerned either during in situ precipitation of aluminium adjuvants or onto preformed aluminium gels it depends upon physical and chemical characteristics of antigen, type of aluminium adjuvant and conditions of adsorption [9][10][11][12]. However, certain antigens do not adsorb onto Aluminium hydroxide gel because of the same charge on the adjuvant and antigens [13][14][15] but this is not the case with Alum Hydroxide gel and S. In Pakistan, where there is still no suitable vaccine available against strangles for equines and after coming to know about the involvement of Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis along with Streptococcus equi sub specie equi in the causation of strangles in equines [16] and conducting successful trials regarding the antigenic and concentration dependent immunogenic response of indigenous isolates of Streptococcus equi sub specie equi and Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis in rabbits [17], the present work has been covered to determine the adsorption of these both streptococci jointly in aluminium hydroxide gel. This work will be helpful in future for the development of aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccine against strangles using indigenous S.equi and S.equisimillis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is speculated that a certain minimum amount of aluminium compound is necessary to form a depot at the site of injection or to optimally stimulate macrophages [7]. Excessive amounts of aluminium compounds may suppress immunity by covering the antigen completely with mineral compounds [14,15] or through toxicity to macrophages [9]. After coming to know this fact, 1 mg of aluminium hydroxide in 0.005 ml of aluminium hydroxide gel was considered sufficient and more than 1 mg of aluminium hydroxide was avoided though also adsorbed the immunogenic count of streptococcal cells of S. equi and S. equisimillis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH) 3} Gel for Streptococcus equi sub specie equi and Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis

Manzoor¹,

Rahman²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2017

J Antivir Antiretrovir

0

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Citation: Manzoor S, Rahman S, Ashraf M, Khan FM, Syed ZH (2017) Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH) 3} Gel for Streptococcus equi sub specie equi and Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis. J Antivir Antiretrovir 9: 006-009. doi:10.4172/1948-5964.1000155 Copyright: © 2017 Manzoor S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH)3 AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the adsorption capacity of Alum Hydroxide gel for Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus equisimillis in combination. One ml of streptococcal inoculum containing live count of Streptococcus equi @ 2 × 10 9 /ml and Streptococcus equisimillis @ 2 × 10 9 /ml inoculated in each of six Eppendorf tubes containing 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg, 0.8 mg, 1.0 mg and 2.0 mgs of autoclaved Aluminium Hydroxide in the form of gel, mixed and centrifuged at 1600 rpm for 15 minutes produced supernatant, which upon streaking and incubation on seven nutrient agar plates including supernatant from 7 th control negative Eppendorf tube containing sterilized normal saline produced different number of colonies after adsorbing streptococcal cells depending upon the concentration of Al(OH) 3 in gel. 50 colonies were counted from supernatant recovered from Eppendorf containing 0.2 mg of Aluminium Hydroxide, 25 colonies from supernatant over 0.4 mg, 15 colonies from supernatant over 0.6 mg, 10 colonies from supernatant over 0.8 mg and no colony was obtained from supernatants over 1.0 mg and 2.0 mgs of Aluminium Hydroxide while 100 colonies were recovered from control negative ependorf containing only normal saline without Aluminium Hydroxide. It is concluded that Aluminium Hydroxide as gel should be used as adjuvant @ 1 mg per ml of streptococcal inoculum in a streptococcal vaccine. Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals Preparation of formalin-inactivated Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus equisimillis antigenSelected colonies of S. equi and S. equisimillis isolate were inoculated in two 500 ml flasks separately containing Modified Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with 5% horse serum. Both the flasks were kept on orbital shakers at 60 rpm for 48 h. After that formalin (0.2%) was added in both flasks to kill the S. equi and S. equisimillis isolate. These bacterial isolates were kept stable for 24 hours for proper action of Formalin. The killed organisms from both flasks were harvested by centrifugation at 6000 xg for 1 h at 4°C. Two washings with sterile PBS (pH 7.2) were done. The pellets from both flaks thus obtained were re-suspended in PBS. The immunogenic concentration of S. equi and S. equisimillis as declared by Manzoor et al. was adjusted as 2 × 10 9 per ml and 2 × 10 9 per ml respectively by spectrophotometer. These preparations were stored at 4°C until utiliz...

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“…As far as the adsorption of antigens on aluminium adjuvants is concerned either during in situ precipitation of aluminium adjuvants or onto preformed aluminium gels it depends upon physical and chemical characteristics of antigen, type of aluminium adjuvant and conditions of adsorption [9][10][11][12]. However, certain antigens do not adsorb onto Aluminium hydroxide gel because of the same charge on the adjuvant and antigens [13][14][15] but this is not the case with Alum Hydroxide gel and S. In Pakistan, where there is still no suitable vaccine available against strangles for equines and after coming to know about the involvement of Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis along with Streptococcus equi sub specie equi in the causation of strangles in equines [16] and conducting successful trials regarding the antigenic and concentration dependent immunogenic response of indigenous isolates of Streptococcus equi sub specie equi and Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis in rabbits [17], the present work has been covered to determine the adsorption of these both streptococci jointly in aluminium hydroxide gel. This work will be helpful in future for the development of aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccine against strangles using indigenous S.equi and S.equisimillis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH) 3} Gel for Streptococcus equi sub specie equi and Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis

Manzoor¹,

Rahman²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2017

J Antivir Antiretrovir

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Citation: Manzoor S, Rahman S, Ashraf M, Khan FM, Syed ZH (2017) Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH) 3} Gel for Streptococcus equi sub specie equi and Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis. J Antivir Antiretrovir 9: 006-009. doi:10.4172/1948-5964.1000155 Copyright: © 2017 Manzoor S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH)3 AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the adsorption capacity of Alum Hydroxide gel for Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus equisimillis in combination. One ml of streptococcal inoculum containing live count of Streptococcus equi @ 2 × 10 9 /ml and Streptococcus equisimillis @ 2 × 10 9 /ml inoculated in each of six Eppendorf tubes containing 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg, 0.8 mg, 1.0 mg and 2.0 mgs of autoclaved Aluminium Hydroxide in the form of gel, mixed and centrifuged at 1600 rpm for 15 minutes produced supernatant, which upon streaking and incubation on seven nutrient agar plates including supernatant from 7 th control negative Eppendorf tube containing sterilized normal saline produced different number of colonies after adsorbing streptococcal cells depending upon the concentration of Al(OH) 3 in gel. 50 colonies were counted from supernatant recovered from Eppendorf containing 0.2 mg of Aluminium Hydroxide, 25 colonies from supernatant over 0.4 mg, 15 colonies from supernatant over 0.6 mg, 10 colonies from supernatant over 0.8 mg and no colony was obtained from supernatants over 1.0 mg and 2.0 mgs of Aluminium Hydroxide while 100 colonies were recovered from control negative ependorf containing only normal saline without Aluminium Hydroxide. It is concluded that Aluminium Hydroxide as gel should be used as adjuvant @ 1 mg per ml of streptococcal inoculum in a streptococcal vaccine. Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals Preparation of formalin-inactivated Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus equisimillis antigenSelected colonies of S. equi and S. equisimillis isolate were inoculated in two 500 ml flasks separately containing Modified Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with 5% horse serum. Both the flasks were kept on orbital shakers at 60 rpm for 48 h. After that formalin (0.2%) was added in both flasks to kill the S. equi and S. equisimillis isolate. These bacterial isolates were kept stable for 24 hours for proper action of Formalin. The killed organisms from both flasks were harvested by centrifugation at 6000 xg for 1 h at 4°C. Two washings with sterile PBS (pH 7.2) were done. The pellets from both flaks thus obtained were re-suspended in PBS. The immunogenic concentration of S. equi and S. equisimillis as declared by Manzoor et al. was adjusted as 2 × 10 9 per ml and 2 × 10 9 per ml respectively by spectrophotometer. These preparations were stored at 4°C until utiliz...

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“…65,*10,19,23 and (2) aluminum hydroxide or aluminum phosphate in a 0.1 per cent concentration. 8 The experiments conducted in laboratory animals and described below have been designed with the following objectives: (1) to test the efficacy of a serum-containing tissue culture rabies vaccine in comparison with a serum-free preparation; (2) to ascertain whether the immunogenic property of tissue culture vaccines and particularly of those which contain no animal serum can be enhanced by adjuvants; (3) to determine the minimum number of vaccine injections needed, and the minimum length of time necessary for induction, in the vaccinated animals, of a sufficient grade of resistance against a severe intramuscular challenge with street rabies virus; and (4) to investigate the serological response of the vaccinated animals and to correlate it to their actual state of resistance against challenge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%