Über den chemischen Aufbau der Apfelschale, IV. Pomol‐ und Pomonsäure

Apple pomace is a waste product of the apple manufacturing industry that has been in the focus of life sciences as it represents a low-cost source of fruit-derived compounds. High fruit consumption is associated with beneficial health effects, and therefore, apple pomace and its constituents raise therapeutic interest. The present work reviews (i) the chemical constituents of apple pomace, (ii) optimized extraction methods of apple pomace compounds, and (iii) biological activities of apple pomace. Current evidence of apple pomace influence on digestion and metabolism, cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis, diabetes, and sex hormones is summarized. Furthermore, studies regarding its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antibacterial and antiviral effects are presented. The review concludes that apple pomace is an underutilized waste product of the apple industry with the potential of being processed for its nutritional and pharmaceutical value.

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“…In addition, their alcoholic derivatives have been isolated (▶ Fig. 3 [6 and 7]) [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Triterpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple Pomace as Potential Source of Natural Active Compounds

2017

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“…The presence of triterpenes in apple fruits has been reported in the past [6], but no data are available on the relationship between cultivars and chemical structures. In particular, ursane triterpenes have been isolated from Malus pumila Mill.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Radical-Scavenging Activities of New Hydroxylated Ursane Triterpenes from cv. Annurca Apples

D’Abrosca

Fiorentino

Monaco

et al. 2005

C&B

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Two new ursolic acid triterpene derivatives, compounds 2 and 3, have been isolated from cv. Annurca apple fruit, a high-quality apple variety widely cultivated in southern Italy, together with the known 2-oxopomolic acid (1). The new compounds were identified by means of different spectroscopic techniques as 3-epi-2-oxopomolic acid (= (3alpha)-3,19-dihydroxy-2-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid; 2) and (1alpha)-1-hydroxy-3-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid (3). Compounds 1-3 were tested for their radical-scavenging activities with the aid of a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (Fig. 2). All three constituents showed activities similar to that of the reference antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E).

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“…When a hydroxyl group attached to the C-3a instead of C-3b of 7, as seen in 4, the activity was decreased as compared with 7. There was almost no difference of the antiproliferative activity between the ursane type triterpene compound (4) and oleanane type triterpene compound (5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…CAW-M9 was further chromatographed on YMC column (ODS) using H 2 O-MeOH (1 : 0→0 : 1), silica gel using CHCl 3 -acetone (1 : 0→0 : 1), and YMC column (ODS) using H 2 O-MeOH (1 : 0→0 : 1) to give 10 (38 mg). Compounds 1-10 were identified as ursolic acid lactone (1), 4) ursolic acid (2), pomolic acid (3), 5,6) 2a,3a-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (4), 7,8) 3-epimaslinic acid (5), 8,9) asiatic acid (6), 10) corosolic acid (7), 8,9) 8-acetoxy-1,9-pentadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol (8), 11,12) b-sitosterol 3-O-b-glucopyranoside (9), and rosmarinic acid (10), 13) respectively, by analyses of MS and NMR spectra and comparison of their physical data with those reported.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%