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“…Ich habe eine Reihe von Dialysatoren aus dem verschiedenartigsten Material, tierische Membranen, pflanzliche Membranen, papierne Dialysatoren, ausprobiert. Weitaus am besten, sowohl mit Rücksicht auf die Herstellung, die sichere Sterilisierung und den Dialyseeffekt, bewährten sich mir die Dialysatoren aus Collodium, denen man jede gewünschte Form zu geben in der Lage ist' [10].…”

Section: Hemodialysis As An Experimental In Vivo Therapy: Collodion Munclassified

“…Writing at a later time [10], Haas noted the lack of support for his work by both his colleagues and the hospital, and stated in a review in 1952 [15] that despite his complete description of a dialyzing system in the early 1920s, hemodialysis as a therapeutic procedure had to be reinvented after World War II. He showed a high level of respect for the work done 'by Kolff in Holland, Alvall in Sweden, Murray in Canada, Skeggs, Leonards, Heister, Muerhead, Merill, etc in the USA' [15].…”

Section: Hemodialysis As An Experimental In Vivo Therapy: Collodion Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Dialysis Membranes: From Concept to Large Scale Production

et al. 1999

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The development of hemodialysis from an experimental concept to a routine medical therapy is closely related to research, manufacturing and availability of dialysis membranes. Collodion, a cellulose-trinitrate derivative, was the first polymer to be used as an artificial membrane and played a central role in further investigations and applications. Basic studies on the mechanism of solute transport through membranes, like diffusion, were done by A. Fick and T. Graham using collodion as a membrane material. In vivo dialysis in animals and humans was performed with collodion by J. Abel in the USA and G. Haas in Germany. Cellophane and Cuprophan membranes replaced collodion later, because of their better performance and mechanical stability. However, due to its alleged lack of hemocompatibility, membranes made from unmodified cellulose lost their market share. They have been replaced by modified cellulosic and synthetic dialysis membranes which show a better hemocompatibility than unmodified cellulose membranes. Most of the new membrane materials are also available in high-flux modifications and for this reason suitable as well for more effective therapy modes, such as hemodiafiltration and hemofiltration. The success of hemodialysis as a routine therapy is also the success of membrane development, because both, a reproducible membrane production and an unlimited availability of dialysis membranes have increased the number of dialyzed patients to about 1 million patients worldwide in 1999.

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“…In a lecture to the Giessen Medical Society in January of 1928, Haas detailed the results of three blood cleansings, as he termed them, in two patients with chronic uremia [13]. By then, heparin had become available.…”

Section: T H E Motion Of Oasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of the Science of Dialysis

Gottschalk

Fellner

1997

Am J Nephrol

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Thomas Graham (1805-1869), who is credited with seminal work on the nature of the diffusion of gases and of osmotic forces in fluids, can properly be called the father of modern dialysis. His apparatus to study the behavior of biological fluids through a semipermeable membrane clearly presaged the artificial kidney in clinical use today. In 1913, John Abel and coworkers reported the first application of the principles of diffusion to remove substances from the blood of living animals. Unaware of Abel’s work, Georg Haas (1886-1971) performed the first human dialysis in the German town of Giessen in 1924. But it was not until 1945 that Willem Johan Kolff, working under extremely difficult wartime conditions in The Netherlands, achieved the first clinically successful hemodialysis in a human patient.

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Cited by 48 publications

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The long path to NOAC

The long path to NOAC

Artificial Dialysis Membranes: From Concept to Large Scale Production

History of the Science of Dialysis

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