“…In addition, UAVs and UAV-assisted wireless networks have already been proven to be invaluable in civil applications, such as monitoring fires, transporting goods, detecting oil leakages, and providing network services [ 2 ]. UAVs may be employed as mobile base stations (BSs) or relays as they can be deployed for flexible coverage areas on demand, especially for future sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks [ 3 ]. UAV-BSs can enable the existing wireless communication networks to increase another dimension such that future wireless networks can be three-dimensional in space [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], particularly in situations where it is difficult or impossible to connect nodes using the conventional terrestrially based network infrastructure.…”