U.S. Regional Disparities in Physical Distancing: Evaluating Racial and Socioeconomic Divides During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Zang, Emma; West, Jessica; Kim, Nathan; Pao, Christina

doi:10.31235/osf.io/e6msz

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Finally, consistent with Zang's report [49] who showed that of the four Census regions, Southerners had the lowest physical distancing rates, we found that respondents residing in areas of the country other than the South had better odds of Perfect Adherence than those in the South.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The role of Science Literacy, Trust, and Impulsivity on Adherence to COVID-19 Recommendations: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

Vargas¹,

Lee²,

Barclay³

2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND To slow down transmission and prevent deaths in the face of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the public needs to adhere to recommendations to limit exposure and the spread of the disease. There is emerging evidence that television viewership choices and partisanship are associated to adherence to COVID-19 -related preventive recommendations. On the other hand, some suggest that believing fake news may be due to impulsivity or a lack of thinking rather than partisanship. OBJECTIVE To test whether 1) individuals with high levels of impulsivity will be less likely to adhere to COVID-19 recommendations; and 2) if the odds of adhering to the recommendations will be higher for those with positive attitudes toward science, higher levels of science literacy, and COVID-19 knowledge, who get their news from scientific/reliable sources. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey administered via Qualtrics (Provo, UT). COVID-related survey items were extracted from recent COVID-19 studies. Respondents completed assessments on impulsiveness, perception of scientists and science literacy. selected their common sources of information including conservative and liberal media (e.g., Fox News or One America News Network – OANN and MSNBC or CNN). The sample was recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and from the student population of a large university in the southwestern U.S. After removing incomplete responses, the final sample included 1223 cases. RESULTS Consistent with previous reports, compared to respondents who got their News from sources other than Fox News or OANN, those who reported Fox News or OANN as their main source of information had significantly lower scores of COVID-19 knowledge. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that impulsivity was associated with adherence: high scores was associated to adherence failure while low scores were associated to perfect adherence. COVID-19 knowledge and trust in scientists showed the same significant associations: high knowledge scores were associated to perfect adherence and low to failure. Contrary to our hypothesis, Science Literacy did not predict adherence. Finally, race was also significantly associated with adherence: being white was associated to adherence failure while being non-white predicted perfect adherence. CONCLUSIONS To increase voluntary adherence to COVID-19 measures, it is critical to implement public health campaigns that foster trust in authorities –Republican and Democrat-- and leverage trustworthy individuals in the community to disseminate information. For individuals with high levels of impulsivity, environmental restructuring, and/or nudging may be necessary to increase adherence to preventive recommendations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The role of Science Literacy, Trust, and Impulsivity on Adherence to COVID-19 Recommendations: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

Vargas¹,

Lee²,

Barclay³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On the other hand, the opposite pattern might be expected. Lower-SES parents and Black and Latinx parents disproportionately occupied frontline positions and thus were less likely to work remotely while caring for their children at home (Blau et al, 2021;Lyttelton et al, 2020;Zang et al, 2020). Further, qualitative research demonstrated that "gendered caregiving norms … limited mothers' sense of entitlement to support from nonparental caregivers even if outside caregivers were available to help," often prompting parents who worked remotely to try getting by with little or no nonparental support (Calarco, Meanwell, et al, 2021, p. 8).…”

Section: Childcare During the Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns in Receiving Informal Help With Childcare Among U.S. Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yang,

Zang,

Calarco

2024

Journal of Family Issues

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Pandemic-related school and formal childcare closures have increased the demand for informal (i.e., unregulated or unpaid) childcare, including care from nannies, tutors, extended family members, siblings, friends, neighbors, and pandemic pods. Drawing on a novel survey of 1954 U.S. parents, we are the first to examine U.S. parents’ use of informal childcare during the pandemic. During the early stages of the pandemic, approximately 60% of US parents received informal support with childcare, mostly from older children and extended family members. The types of informal care that parents used differed by socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. Among parents employed pre-pandemic and mothers of young children who had a job exit during COVID-19, receiving informal childcare was associated with longer work hours in December 2020. We discuss the implications of these patterns for maternal employment and the roles of grandparents and teens in providing informal care during the pandemic.

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“…Consider for instance these three observations: 1. Physical distancing guidelines are not uniformly followed, whether as a function of socioeconomic status (Weill et al, 2020) or geographic location (Zang et al, 2020; see also Kashima et al, 2021, for further discussion of cultural differences in the handling of COVID-19). 2.…”

Section: The Public Good Is Under Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership to defeat COVID-19

Antonakis

2021

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Defeating COVID-19 will not happen only via efforts of scientists working on vaccines or new treatments and interventions. Key to winning this battle is to convince citizens to take the needed precautions and to follow scientific advice to stop the spread of the virus and to protect those who are vulnerable to it. Thus, leaders, especially political leaders, play a critical role in coordinating the efforts of individuals who often have private interests to act as they wish, but who expect to benefit from the efforts of others who contribute to the public good. To deal with this unprecedented challenge, I discuss the importance of leadership, particularly charismatic leadership, which is well suited to solving problems in situations of ambiguity and crisis. I also exhort researchers to pay more attention to studying leadership using robust and causally identified designs that can inform policy.

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U.S. Regional Disparities in Physical Distancing: Evaluating Racial and Socioeconomic Divides During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

The role of Science Literacy, Trust, and Impulsivity on Adherence to COVID-19 Recommendations: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

The role of Science Literacy, Trust, and Impulsivity on Adherence to COVID-19 Recommendations: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

Patterns in Receiving Informal Help With Childcare Among U.S. Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Leadership to defeat COVID-19

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