Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the human brain demonstrated by a method adapted to prolonged formalin fixation

Panayotacopoulou, Maria T.; Guntern, R.; Bouras, Constantin; Issidorides, Marietta R.; Constantinidis, J

doi:10.1016/0165-0270(91)90091-d

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The present study confirms our previously reported observations suggesting that antemortem factors are responsible for the observed differences in the expression of TH immunoreactivity in the human neurosecretory nuclei [27, 28, 29, 30]and extends them in a much larger sample. In addition, it gives, for the first time, an indication of what type of disorders may induce TH expression in the adult human PVN and SON.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The immunohistochemical procedure applied for the above specimens was a modification of the classical peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method adapted to prolonged formalin fixation [42], described in detail elsewhere [27]. Two of the above specimens (HC 411/89 and A188/88) were stained for TH after different storage times in the fixative in order to investigate the possible effect of prolonged fixation on the stainability of PVN and SON neurons for TH with this particular method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the patients studied in our previous investigations we noticed strong individual differences concerning both the number and distribution of TH-immunoreactive (TH-IR) perikarya in the PVN and SON [27, 28, 29, 30]which, surprisingly, were not described by others [26, 31, 32, 33, 34]. Since these differences appeared to be related neither to the age or sex of the subjects nor to the postmortem interval or staining procedures, it seemed probable that antemortem factors regulate the expression of TH in neurons of the human PVN and SON [27, 28, 29, 30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these differences appeared to be related neither to the age or sex of the subjects nor to the postmortem interval or staining procedures, it seemed probable that antemortem factors regulate the expression of TH in neurons of the human PVN and SON [27, 28, 29, 30]. The promoter region of the TH gene of both rats and humans contains regulatory elements, such as CRE and AP-1, that are implicated in the control of the gene transcriptional activity by elevation of intracellular cAMP, by protein products of protooncogenes (c- fos , c- jun ), by growth factors, hormones and other proteins [for reviews, see ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the human adult PVN and SON, TH protein is expressed in a large number of neurons, the majority of which are magnocellular [26, 27, 28], and appears to colocalize with oxytocin (OXY) [26, 29]or vasopressin (VP) [29, 30]. Quantitative studies indicated that the majority of the TH-IR neurons were found within the SON, and especially its dorsolateral part [26], where more than 90% of neurons are known to synthesize VP [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivity in Paraventricular and Supraoptic Neurons in Illnesses with Prolonged Osmotic or Nonosmotic Stimulation of Vasopressin Release

Panayotacopoulou¹,

Malidelis²,

Fliers³

et al. 2002

Neuroendocrinology

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Our previous studies indicated that in the human paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) – the first and rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis – is localized mainly in magnocellular neurons and that antemortem factors regulate its expression. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution of TH-immunoreactive (TH-IR) perikarya of the hypothalami of a large sample of well-documented adult subjects without neurological, psychiatric or endocrinological disease in order to identify factors that could regulate the expression of TH in the human neurosecretory neurons. Our material consisted of the hypothalami of 38 subjects studied immunohistochemically for TH using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Striking individual differences were observed among the subjects studied concerning the number and distribution of TH-IR perikarya within the PVN and SON. These differences were evident throughout the entire rostrocaudal length of the hypothalamus and appeared to be related neither to the age or sex of the subjects nor to the postmortem interval or staining procedures. In the sample studied, a large number of TH-IR perikarya were observed specifically in all subjects that had suffered from right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension, liver cirrhosis or dehydration. In all the above illnesses, increased production and secretion of vasopressin (VP) are reported to occur due to a decrease in ‘effective’ blood volume or to osmotic stimulation. We conclude that somatic illnesses leading to prolonged osmotic or nonosmotic stimulation of VP release may induce increased expression of TH immunoreactivity in the human neurosecretory neurons related to neuronal activation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Increased Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivity in Paraventricular and Supraoptic Neurons in Illnesses with Prolonged Osmotic or Nonosmotic Stimulation of Vasopressin Release

Panayotacopoulou¹,

Malidelis²,

Fliers³

et al. 2002

Neuroendocrinology

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Altered development of dopaminergic cells in the retina of weaver mice

et al. 1999

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Postnatal degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) cells is known to occur in mesencephalic nuclei of mutant weaver mice, whereas retinal DA content is reported to be unchanged in the adult animal. To determine whether morphological changes occur in the weaver retinal DA system, we compared weaver and control developing and adult retinas after tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. The density and distribution of DA cells were analyzed using Dirichlet tessellation. Not only was no DA cell loss found in adult weaver retinas, but we even observed an increase in DA cells in weaver compared to control retinas between postnatal days 14 and 30. Furthermore, some unusual features were found during the latter period: atypical cells (representing a maximum of 12% of the whole DA cell population) were observed, and these differed from typical DA cells in terms of both location (slightly more external within the inner nuclear layer) and appearance (flat somata, round and clear nuclei, thick dendritic trunks emerging laterally and giving rise to horizontal processes). Some of the atypical cells were intermingled in a delicate network lying in a more outer focal plane than the main DA plexus. The expression of GIRK2, a G protein‐related inward rectifying K+ channel responsible for the weaver syndrome, was investigated. Although no GIRK2 labeling was demonstrated in DA cells, its possible involvement in the transient disturbances observed in the weaver DA retinal system is discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 412:656–668, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus basalis of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Wisniowski

Ridley²,

Baker³

et al. 1992

J of Comparative Neurology

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In the course of characterizing the distribution of putative catecholaminergic neurons in the brain of the common marmoset, we encountered a population of such cells in the basal forebrain. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons are abundant within the nucleus basalis magnocellularis throughout its entire rostrocaudal extent, but not in other cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei. Most tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells are large and multipolar. Double staining with antibodies to choline acetyltransferase or nerve growth factor receptor confirmed that these tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons are cholinergic, and compose at least 40% of the nucleus basalis cholinergic cells. The presence of a catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme in the neurons that provide the major cholinergic input to the neocortex may have important consequences for cortical function, and may be relevant to the vulnerability of the nucleus basalis in certain neurodegenerative disorders.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the human brain demonstrated by a method adapted to prolonged formalin fixation

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Increased Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivity in Paraventricular and Supraoptic Neurons in Illnesses with Prolonged Osmotic or Nonosmotic Stimulation of Vasopressin Release

Increased Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivity in Paraventricular and Supraoptic Neurons in Illnesses with Prolonged Osmotic or Nonosmotic Stimulation of Vasopressin Release

Altered development of dopaminergic cells in the retina of weaver mice

Tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus basalis of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

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