Tyrosinase Enzyme: 1. An Overview on a Pharmacological Target

Abstract

The tyrosinase enzyme (EC 1.14.18.1) is an oxidoreductase inside the general enzyme classification and is involved in the oxidation and reduction process in the epidermis. These chemical reactions that the enzyme catalyzes are of principal importance in the melanogenesis process. This process of melanogenesis is related to the melanin formation, a heteropolymer of indolic nature that provides the different tonalities in the skin and helps to the protection from the ultraviolet radiation. However, a pigment overproduction, come up by the action of the tyrosinase, can cause different disorders in the skin related to the hyperpigmentation. Several studies mainly focused on the characteristics of the enzyme have been reported. In this work, an approximation to general aspects related to this enzyme is made. Besides, it is treated the researches that have been published in the part of the biochemical anatomy dealing with diseases associated with this protein (melanogenesis), its active place and its physiological states, the molecular mechanism, the methods carried out to detect the inhibitory activity, and the used substrates.

In Vitro Dermo-Cosmetic Evaluation of Bark Extracts from Common Temperate Trees

“…Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the production of skin pigments in melanocytes. It catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to 3,4dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and the oxidation of L-DOPA to dopaquinone [24]. Both reactions constitute the first rate-limiting steps of the melanin biosynthesis pathway.…”

Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oil from Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai on Melanin Production: Protection Against Re-Pigmentation after Laser Treatment

“…Tyrosinase is known to be the major regulator of melanogenesis via an enzymatic cascade, 16 and various whitening ingredients applied to the skin have been developed to directly inhibit tyrosinase. 17 Therefore, we measured the activity of mushroom tyrosinase in a cell-free system in order to determine the direct inhibitory effects of essential oil extracted from ZCN on tyrosinase.…”

Efficacy of Anti-Melanogenic and Anti-Ageing Properties of Glutathione with Additional UV Protection and Skin Whitening Benefits Led by the Combination of Oral Polypodium as Whitevit Plus

“…The overproduction of melanin, come up by the action of the tyrosinase, can cause different disorders in the skin related to the hyperpigmentation. 3…”