Types of Flame Retardants Used for the Synthesis of Flame-Retardant Polymers

Ray, Suprakas Sinha; Malkappa, Kuruma

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35491-6_4

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 137 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These mechanisms include random chain cleavage resulting in smaller fragments, breaking of end bonds, elimination of side units, cross-linking, diffusion, vaporization, initiation cycles involving recombination and gas phase reactions. Nevertheless, the compound revealed moderate thermal stability starting to decompose at temperatures above 250 • C as a consequence of the cleavage of P-O-C bonds, which are well known as more sensitive to degradation at elevated temperatures [37,38]. The decomposition rate experienced a decline within the temperature range of 550-700 • C, indicating the emergence of a more heat-resistant residue.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Bphmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simultaneous Enhancement of Flame Resistance and Antimicrobial Activity in Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing Phosphorus and Silver-Based Additives

Vlad‐Bubulac¹,

Hamciuc²,

Serbezeanu³

et al. 2023

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The design and manufacture of innovative multifunctional materials possessing superior characteristics, quality and standards, rigorously required for future development of existing or emerging advanced technologies, is of great importance. These materials should have a very low degree of influence (or none) on the environmental and human health. Adjusting the properties of epoxy resins with organophosphorus compounds and silver-containing additives is key to the simultaneous improvement of the flame-resistant and antimicrobial properties of advanced epoxy-based materials. These environmentally friendly epoxy resin nanocomposites were manufactured using two additives, a reactive phosphorus-containing bisphenol derived from vanillin, namely, (4-(((4-hidroxyphenyl)amino)(6-oxido-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinin-6-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate (BPH), designed as both cross-linking agent and a flame-retardant additive for epoxy resin; and additional silver-loaded zeolite L nanoparticles (Ze–Ag NPs) used as a doping additive to impart antimicrobial activity. The effect of BPH and Ze–Ag NPs content on the structural, morphological, thermal, flame resistance and antimicrobial characteristics of thermosetting epoxy nanocomposites was investigated. The structure and morphology of epoxy nanocomposites were investigated via FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, the nanocomposites had a glassy and homogeneous morphology. The samples showed a single glass transition temperature in the range of 166–194 °C and an initiation decomposition temperature in the range of 332–399 °C. The introduction of Ze–Ag NPs in a concentration of 7–15 wt% provided antimicrobial activity to epoxy thermosets.

show abstract

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Bphmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simultaneous Enhancement of Flame Resistance and Antimicrobial Activity in Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing Phosphorus and Silver-Based Additives

Vlad‐Bubulac¹,

Hamciuc²,

Serbezeanu³

et al. 2023

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are numerous flame retardant types [7], however halogenated or organohalogen flame retardants containing carbon bonded chlorine (CFRs) or bromine (BFRs) as the major halogen-based constituents are assembled or integrated with polymers forming organic halogenated blends. For example, several flame retardant classes exist [8] as chlorine and bromine polymers while others are composed of phosphorous, nitrogen and sulfur or synergistically made. Others include antimony, aluminum and tin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Configuration of Clay-Interlayer Chemistry: A Precursor to Enhancing Flame Retardant Properties

Sonkaria¹,

Kim²

2021

Flame Retardant and Thermally Insulating Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nanomaterials are proving to be pivotal to the evolution of controllable, cost-effective and environmentally safe technologies. An important concern is the impact of low-dimensional compositional materials and their ability to significantly reduce the hazardous nature of flame retardants that are reputably harmful through unchecked inhalation. While eco-friendly and recyclable alternatives are necessary requirements to function as replacements for the ‘Next Generation’ of flame retardants, the underlying ‘Chemistry’ at the nanoscale is unfolding unlocking vital clues enabling the development of more effective retardants. In this direction, the dimensional order of particles in naturally occurring nanoclay materials and their associated properties as composites are gaining increasing attention as important constituents of flame retardants. In this review, we examine closer the compositional importance of intercalated/exfoliated nanoclay networks essential to retardant functionality exploring the chemical significance and discussing underlying mechanisms where possible.

show abstract

A critical review of the methods and applications of microscale combustion calorimetry for material flammability assessment

Mensah

Jin

et al. 2021

J Therm Anal Calorim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Types of Flame Retardants Used for the Synthesis of Flame-Retardant Polymers

Cited by 3 publications

References 137 publications

Simultaneous Enhancement of Flame Resistance and Antimicrobial Activity in Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing Phosphorus and Silver-Based Additives

Simultaneous Enhancement of Flame Resistance and Antimicrobial Activity in Epoxy Nanocomposites Containing Phosphorus and Silver-Based Additives

Nanoscale Configuration of Clay-Interlayer Chemistry: A Precursor to Enhancing Flame Retardant Properties

A critical review of the methods and applications of microscale combustion calorimetry for material flammability assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About