Types of carbohydrate in feed affect the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and activity of digestive and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense

Kong, Youqin; Ding, Zhili; Zhang, Yixiang; Zhou, Peixin; Wu, Chengbo; Zhu, Minhuan; Ye, Jinyun

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734282

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Importantly, it also increases the production of the humoral innate immune mediators including lysozyme and complement component c3 . The upregulation of lysozyme is consistent with previously reported that the supplementation of maltose in fish food increased the serum level of lysozyme [ 37 ]. This differential regulation of immune response by maltose indicates that maltose likely fine tune the expression of cytokines to prevent excessive immune response as tnfα, ilb1b, and il1b2 , which contribute significantly to cytokine storm during bacterial infection and result in organ failure [ 38 – 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maltose promotes crucian carp survival against Aeromonas sobrial infection at high temperature

Jiang

Yang

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Virulence

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Temperature influences fish's susceptibility to infectious disease through an immune response. However, the mechanism underlying this regulation is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we compared the susceptibility of crucian carp that were grown at 18°C and 33°C, respectively, to Aeromonas sobrial infection and found that crucian carp was more susceptible when grown at 33° C. These distinct susceptibilities of fish at different temperatures to infection may partially be explained by their differences in the metabolism as revealed by comparative metabolomics profiling: crucian carp demonstrated enhanced TCA cycle but reduced fatty acid biosynthesis; Our study also found that maltose was the most suppressed metabolite in fish grown at 33°C. Importantly, exogenous injection of maltose enhances crucian carp survival grown at 33°C by 30%. Further study showed that exogenous maltose downregulated the production of several cytokines but enhanced the lysozyme (lyz) and complement component c3, which involves the humoral innate immunity. Our results suggest that maltose promotes the survival of crucian carp likely through fine tuning the immune gene expression, and this finding provides a novel approach to manage bacterial infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maltose promotes crucian carp survival against Aeromonas sobrial infection at high temperature

Jiang

Yang

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Virulence

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“…Maltose can be transported into the cell and degraded to glucose, where it enters the glycolysis pathway. Dietary sugars, including starch, dextrin, maltose, glucose and cellulose, could potentially increase lysozyme level and activity in ZF serum (Kong et al , 2019). However, maltose is more potent than glucose in elevating lysozyme expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous maltose enhances Zebrafish immunity to levofloxacin‐resistant Vibrio alginolyticus

Jiang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2020

Microbial Biotechnology

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Understanding the interplay between bacterial fitness, antibiotic resistance, host immunity and host metabolism could guide treatment and improve immunity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The acquisition of levofloxacin (Lev) resistance affects the fitness of Vibrio alginolyticus in vitro and in vivo. Lev-resistant (Lev-R) V. alginolyticus exhibits slow growth, reduced pathogenicity and greater resistance to killing by the host, Danio rerio (zebrafish), than Lev-sensitive (Lev-S) V. alginolyticus, suggesting that Lev-R V. alginolyticus triggers a weaker innate immune response in D. rerio than Lev-S V. alginolyticus. Differences were detected in the metabolome of D. rerio infected with Lev-S or Lev-R V. alginolyticus. Maltose, a crucial metabolite, is significantly downregulated in D. rerio infected with Lev-R V. alginolyticus, and exogenous maltose enhances the immune response of D. rerio to Lev-R V. alginolyticus, leading to better clearance of the infection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that exogenous maltose stimulates the host production of lysozyme and its binding to Lev-R V. alginolyticus, which depends on bacterial membrane potential. We suggest that exogenous exposure to crucial metabolites could be an effective strategy for treating and/or managing infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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“…This is because the serum GLU, IPF and whole‐body lipid content of fish fed with raw corn starch did not differ significantly with that of dextrin group. The worse growth performance observed in raw corn starch group could partially be explained by the low digestibility of raw corn starch (Kong et al., 2019). However, studies on cobia (Cui et al., 2010), giant grouper (Lu et al., 2018) and gibel carp (Tan et al., 2006) showed that starch is an effectively utilized carbohydrate source for these fish, contrary to this study's findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The digestible polysaccharides commonly used in feedstuff include starch and its products, such as dextrin, which is an intermediate complex of glucose and starch. Different types of carbohydrates have been shown to impact growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant capacities and glucose metabolism in fish differently (Kong et al., 2019; Song et al., 2018), but with conflicting conclusions. For instance, concerning to growth performance, at least four kinds of conflicting findings have been reported: 1. polysaccharides (such as starch) are the most effective carbohydrate sources (cobia, Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus , Cui, Zhou, Liang, Yang, & Zhao, 2010; gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata , Enes, Peres, Couto, & Oliva‐Teles, 2010; starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus , Lee & Lee, 2004; grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus , Lu et al., 2018; gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio , Tan, Xie, Zhu, Lei, & Yang, 2006); 2. monosaccharides (like glucose) are the most effective carbohydrate sources (gilthead seabream, Enes, Panserat, Kaushik, & Oliva‐Teles, 2008; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , Hung & Storebakken, 1994; grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon Idella , Tian, Liu, & Hung, 2004); 3. starch products (like dextrin) are more effective carbohydrate energy sources than both starch and glucose (amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii , Jiang et al., 2014; blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala , Ren et al., 2015); and 4. there are no significant differences between different types of carbohydrates (common dentex, Dentex dentex , Pérez‐Jiménez et al., 2015; grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus , Shiau & Lin, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary carbohydrate types on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant ability and glucose metabolism of brook troutSalvelinus fontinalis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Aquac Res

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The study evaluated the effects of different types of dietary carbohydrates on growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity and glucose metabolism enzyme activities in the juvenile brook trout. Fish (13.65 ± 0.06 g) were fed five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets that contained 150g kg-1 glucose, sucrose, dextrin, pregelatinized corn starch (PS) or raw corn starch (RS) respectively. Weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed dextrin than the other treatments. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and glucose were higher in fish fed glucose than those fed dextrin, PS or RS. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lysozyme activity, as well as total antioxidant capacity, were lower in fish fed glucose or sucrose than the other treatments. Moreover, the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) level was reported in the glucose group. Furthermore, fish fed glucose had significantly lower hepatic glucokinase (GK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities than those fed dextrin, PS or RS. The results suggest that dextrin is the optimal carbohydrate source for brook trout, while incorporating glucose into the diet suppresses innate immunity, increases oxidative stress and interferes with glucose metabolism, resulting into a reduction in growth.

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Types of carbohydrate in feed affect the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and activity of digestive and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense

Cited by 40 publications

References 68 publications

Maltose promotes crucian carp survival against Aeromonas sobrial infection at high temperature

Maltose promotes crucian carp survival against Aeromonas sobrial infection at high temperature

Exogenous maltose enhances Zebrafish immunity to levofloxacin‐resistant Vibrio alginolyticus

Effects of dietary carbohydrate types on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant ability and glucose metabolism of brook troutSalvelinus fontinalis

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