Effects of dietary carbohydrate types on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant ability and glucose metabolism of brook troutSalvelinus fontinalis

Abstract

The study evaluated the effects of different types of dietary carbohydrates on growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity and glucose metabolism enzyme activities in the juvenile brook trout. Fish (13.65 ± 0.06 g) were fed five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets that contained 150g kg-1 glucose, sucrose, dextrin, pregelatinized corn starch (PS) or raw corn starch (RS) respectively. Weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed dextrin than the other treatments. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and glucose were higher in fish fed glucose than those fed dextrin, PS or RS. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lysozyme activity, as well as total antioxidant capacity, were lower in fish fed glucose or sucrose than the other treatments. Moreover, the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) level was reported in the glucose group. Furthermore, fish fed glucose had significantly lower hepatic glucokinase (GK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities than those fed dextrin, PS or RS. The results suggest that dextrin is the optimal carbohydrate source for brook trout, while incorporating glucose into the diet suppresses innate immunity, increases oxidative stress and interferes with glucose metabolism, resulting into a reduction in growth.

Effects of Genistein on Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Fed with High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diets

“…The higher the content, the more serious the damage to the body. Our study also demonstrated that high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets cause oxidative damage to the liver, similar to previous findings on fish [12,16,48,[65][66][67]. Genistein supplementation can improve antioxidant status and enhance the oxidant defense capability [68].…”

Effects of native and pregelatinized starches on feed physical properties, digestibility, growth, nutrient utilization and histology of liver and intestine of juvenile tinfoil barb ( Barbonymus schwanenfeldii , Bleeker 1853)

“…A previous study in this species (16.2 g) fed with a commercial diet (>30% NFE) indicated 2 mmol/L blood glucose after 2 weeks of starvation (Eslamloo et al, 2017) might be due to difference in body size and long feed deprivation. Similar to the present finding, invariable glucose levels have been reported in S. latus (Wu et al, 2007), M. amblycephala and S. fontinalis (Xu et al, 2020) fed different native and pregelatinized starches. On the other hand, O. mykiss (Felip et al, 2012) and P. hypophthalmus (Asemani et al, 2019) show elevated blood glucose for pregelatinized starch.…”

“…However, protein digestibility is independent of dietary native or pregelatinized starch in blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo (Figueiredo‐Silva et al, 2009) and D. labrax (Peres & Oliva‐Teles, 2002). Likewise, partial or complete replacement of native starch with pregelatinized form in the diet favourably influences intermediate metabolism, glucose tolerance and body growth in L. rohita (Kumar et al, 2008), brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Xu et al, 2020) and blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala (Zhang, Li, et al, 2020; Zhang, Liu, et al, 2020). On the other hand, striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Asemani et al, 2019) and yellowfin seabream Sparus latus (Wu et al, 2007) effectively utilize native starches than their pregelatinized forms.…”

Zootechnical Performance and Some Physiological Indices of Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum Juveniles during Biofloc Maturation and in Different Feed Regimes

“…Considering the two phases of the work, the fall in triglycerides and ALT in Phase 2 seemed to be related to recovery after coping with the N-NO 2 − peak in Phase 1 and not to the effect of different diets, since all treatments presented the same pattern of reductions in both triglycerides and ALT. Changes in glucose concentrations have been an important hematological parameter for defining the condition of fish [78]. In the case of food restriction, and depending on the time of restriction, fish may present hypo-or hyperglycemia [35].…”