Types of Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Testing: A Review

Smithgall, Marie C.; Dowlatshahi, Mitra; Spitalnik, Steven L.; Hod, Eldad A.; Alex, J.

doi:10.1093/labmed/lmaa039

Cited by 59 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Serological tests could be specific to one type of immunoglobulin, they can concurrently measure IgM and IgG antibodies, or they may be absolute antibody examinations, which often measure IgA antibodies 96 . Based on the specific procedure and device, these experiments will usually be carried out within 1–2 hours after a sample arrives in the laboratory and is loaded onto the appropriate platform 97 . Guo et al 98 .…”

Section: Genomics Structure and Biological Features Of Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis

Mohamadian

Chiti

Shoghli

et al. 2021

The Journal of Gene Medicine

270

225

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Background: At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus tentatively named SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, a central city in China, was announced by the World Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that has become a major public health concern after the outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and 2012, respectively. As of 29 October 2020, the total number of COVID-19 cases had reached over 44 million worldwide, with more than 1.17 million confirmed deaths. Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 infected patients usually present with severe viral pneumonia. Similar to SARS-CoV, the virus enters respiratory tract cells via the angiotensinconverting enzyme receptor 2. The structural proteins play an essential role in budding the virus particles released from different host cells. To date, an approved vaccine or treatment option of a preventive character to avoid severe courses of COVID-19 is still not available. Conclusions: In the present study, we provide a brief review of the general biological features of CoVs and explain the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and diagnostic approaches regarding monitoring future infectivity and prevent emerging COVID-19 infections.

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Section: Genomics Structure and Biological Features Of Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis

Mohamadian

Chiti

Shoghli

et al. 2021

The Journal of Gene Medicine

270

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For SARS-CoV-2 detection, different PCRs are used for routine diagnostics. Although it has been shown that these PCRs actually represent the diagnostic gold standard [3], valuable time passes until the result is available (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/04/us/virus-testing-delays.html). Since it has been shown that rapid antibody screenings are not suitable to evaluate chains of infection or their interruption, other kinds of rapid on-site tests are needed to perform the requested mass testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits and Opportunities of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Tests: An Experienced-Based Perspective

et al. 2021

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Background: Due to the steadily rising case numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections worldwide, there is an increasing need for reliable rapid diagnostic devices in addition to existing gold standard PCR methods. Actually, public attention is focused on antigen assays including lateral flow tests (LFTs) as a diagnostic alternative. Therefore, different LFTs were analyzed regarding their performance in a clinical setting. Material and Methods: A pilot sample panel of 13 bronchoalveolar fluids (BALFs) and 60 throat washing (TW) samples with confirmed PCR results, as well as eight throat washes invalid by PCR, were tested with the BIOCREDIT test (RapiGEN), the PanbioTM assay (Abbott), and the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test (Roche). Conclusion: The analyzed antigen test showed an interassay correlation of 27.4%, with overall specificities ranging from 19.4% to 87.1%, while sensitivities of the respective tests ranged between 33.3% and 88.1%. Because these assays did not entirely meet all high expectations, their benefit has to be carefully evaluated for the respective test strategy and setting.

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“…Next the development of antigen detection assays are underway, which have the potential to rapidly detect active SARS-CoV-2 infection. As the pandemic evolves, more and more insights will be gained in the value of serology as well as antigen detection [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%