COVID‐19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis

Abstract

Background: At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus tentatively named SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, a central city in China, was announced by the World Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that has become a major public health concern after the outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and 2012, respectively. As of 29 October 2020, the total number of COVID-19 cases had reached over 44 million worldwide, with more than 1.17 million confirmed deaths. Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 infected patients usually present with severe viral pneumonia. Similar to SARS-CoV, the virus enters respiratory tract cells via the angiotensinconverting enzyme receptor 2. The structural proteins play an essential role in budding the virus particles released from different host cells. To date, an approved vaccine or treatment option of a preventive character to avoid severe courses of COVID-19 is still not available. Conclusions: In the present study, we provide a brief review of the general biological features of CoVs and explain the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and diagnostic approaches regarding monitoring future infectivity and prevent emerging COVID-19 infections.

Análise Epidemiológica E O Rastreio De Vacinação De Sarampo No Brasil Durante a Pandemia Do Novo Coronavírus (Sars-Cov-2) No Ano De 2020

“…Em casos graves, o uso de oxigênio tradicional (ou seja, cânula nasal) não pode corrigir a insuficiência respiratória em 1-3 dias. A marca registrada é choque séptico, sepse, sangramento maciço e contínuo causado por coagulação anormal e acidose metabólica MOHAMADIAN et al, 2021).…”

SARS-CoV-2 and Skin: The Pathologist’s Point of View

“…At the end of December 2019, a new Coronavirus strain was initially reported in Wuhan, China, Hubei Province [1]. Within a few months, the largest and most advanced health systems in the world would be faced with a pandemic capable of determining globally, as of 5:15 p.m. CEST, 10 May 2021, 157,973,438 confirmed cases, with 3,288,455 deaths [2].…”

Assessment and Modeling of COVID-19 Outcomes in a Longitudinal Cohort of Hospitalized Adults

“…The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 and its subsequent pandemic spread has ignited a global health crisis. Over 174 million cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) have been reported as of June 2021, accounting for over 3.7 million deaths worldwide [1]. SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates in the airway epithelia of the upper respiratory tract, usually presenting with symptoms typical of a respiratory illness, including fever, fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, and loss of taste and/or smell [1].…”

“…Over 174 million cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) have been reported as of June 2021, accounting for over 3.7 million deaths worldwide [1]. SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates in the airway epithelia of the upper respiratory tract, usually presenting with symptoms typical of a respiratory illness, including fever, fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, and loss of taste and/or smell [1]. Nevertheless, clinical presentation can range widely from asymptomatic infection to more severe symptoms, including hypoxia and chest pressure [2].…”