Types and development pathways of lateral line scales in some teleost species

Abstract

Voronina, E.P. and Hughes, D.R. 2011. Types and development pathways of lateral line scales in some teleost species. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00: 1–13. A comparative study of lateral line scales (lls) in nine teleost species was undertaken to trace their ontogenetic structural changes. Three universal characters were used to describe and classify definitive and developing lls. The four main structural types in teleosts are represented. In adult fish, lls are the same structural type in all parts of lateral line in any one specimen, but number of tubules and their orientation may vary. In juvenile fish, except for one species, the structural type of every lls changes with growth, and this process progresses along the lateral line in the direction of development typical for the species. Definitive structural type of the lls is not determined by common scale type and size, presence or absence of nerve foramen on lls, scale overlapping or time of initiation of scales and trunk canal. Development pathways are proposed in which terminal states correspond to the final development of the most complex lls type in Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Diplodus annularis and Mullus barbatus. The intermediate states of these pathways correspond to other types of lls as examples of pedomorphosis in Perca fluviatilis, Sander lucioperca, Symphysodon aequifasciatus and Hippoglossoides platessoides.

The trunk lateral line system and its innervation in Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae: Mugiliformes)

“…Typically in teleosts, a longitudinal lateral line scale row holds a common continuous canal, with the anterior and posterior openings of the tubular part on each scale functioning as entrance and exit, respectively (see Voronina and Hughes 2013). However, in mugilids, each scale was independent, without any continuity between adjacent anterior and posterior scales, apparently an atypical condition.…”

The occurrence of metacercariae of Petasiger (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in an unusual site, within the lateral line scales of cyprinid fishes

“…Those of numerous cyprinids have been described in detail (Esmaeili andGholami 2011, Voronina andHughes 2011). It would appear that the lateral line canal within the scales represents a very suitable space for metacercariae to develop.…”

“…Lateral lines scales are unusual and differ from other scales in that they contain a tube, through which the lateral line canal (trunk canal) passes, with anterior and posterior apertures (DeLamater andCourtenay 1973, Voronina andHughes 2011). Those of numerous cyprinids have been described in detail (Esmaeili andGholami 2011, Voronina andHughes 2011).…”

Lateral line scale types and review of their taxonomic distribution

“…Differences in LL scales are reviewed for certain groups, and used in the diagnoses of species and in phylogenetic analysis (Branson, 1961;Chu, 1935;Coombs, Janssen, & Webb, 1988;DeLamater & Courtenay, 1973, 1974Imamura, 2004;Jawad & Al-Jufaili, 2007;Menon, 1977;Vaillant, 1874;Webb, 1990). There are a few studies of LL scale development (Allis, 1889;Berry, 1960;Harry, 1951;Kemp, 2012;Okamoto, Matsunaga, Funae, & Hisaoka, 1982;Voronina & Hughes, 2013;Wonsettler & Webb, 1997).…”

“…A LL scale is a composite structure resulting from the interconnected development of the common scale and the trunk canal (Allis, 1889;Vaillant, 1874;Voronina & Hughes, 2013;Webb, 1989). Common scale structure and development are described for a number of common scale types (Bertin, 1958;Meunier, 1984aMeunier, , 1984bMeunier & Brito, 2004;Schultze, 1977;Sire, 1990Sire, , 1993Sire & Akimenko, 2004;Sire, Allizard, Babiar, Bourguignon, & Quilhac, 1997;Sire, Donoghue, & Vickaryous, 2009;Zylberberg, Chanet, Wagemans, & Meunier, 2003;Zylberberg & Meunier, 1981).…”