Type of employment, work–family conflict and well‐being: a comparative study

Abstract

SummaryThe study examined the impact of work and family role characteristics on work±family con¯ict, and indicators of psychological well being among self-employed and organizationally employed women and men. Results show that employment type and gender have independent main effects on several of the study variables. Self-employed persons enjoy greater autonomy and schedule¯exibility at work, and report higher levels of job involvement and job satisfaction than those employed in organizations. However, they also experience higher levels of work±family con¯ict, and lower family satisfaction than organizational employees. The ®ndings suggest that there are trade-offs between the costs and bene®ts of selfemployment, and that business ownership is not a panacea for balancing work and family role responsibilties. Directions for future research are discussed.

Fan-family conflict : an examination of inter-role conflict between sport fan and family roles.

“…Perceived role demand in turn, directly affected inter-role conflict such that higher levels of perceived demands led to greater feelings of conflict. A number of other researchers have detected a similar relationship between role time commitment and conflict (Burke et aI., 1980;Carlson & Perrewe, 1999;Dixon et aI., 2006;Greenhaus et aI., 1987;Keith & Schaffer, 1980;Parasuraman & Simmers, 2001;Reinardy, 2007).…”

“…Previous research suggests inter-role conflict and domain satisfaction (i.e. family, job, life) are inversely related Chiu, 1998;Judge, Dies, & Scott, 20006;Parasuraman & Simmers, 2001). Behavioral support however, has been shown to significantly improve satisfaction within one's family life (Orthner, 1975;Smith, Snyder, Trull, & Monsma;.…”

“…Like fan identification, family involvement refers to the extent to which the family role is important and central to an individual's self-concept (Carlson & Perrewe, 1999;Parasuraman & Simmers, 2001). A number of studies have found a positive relationship between role involvement and inter-role conflict Carlson & Perrewe, 1999;Goff et aI., 1997;Halbesleben, Harvey, & Bolino, 2009).…”

“…Other factors, particularly on the family side, however, have been shown to influence one's perceptions of inter-role conflict. Such factors include marital status, number of children living in the household, and the ages of those children (Boyar et aI., 2008;Cooke & Rousseau, 1984;Dixon & Bruening, 2005;Dixon & Sagas, 2007;Parasuraman & Simmers, 2001). However, this study was interested in the effect of fan identification, family involvement, and family support on fan-family conflict.…”

“…Fan identification -degree to which an individual perceives a psychological commitment to and emotional involvement with a sport organization (Sutton et aI., 1997;Wann & Branscombe, 1990;1993;Wann et aI., 2001) Inter-role conflict -"experienced when pressures arising in one role are incompatible with pressures arising itn another role" (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985, p. 77) Time-based conflict -difficulty fulfilling role obligations due to time demands stemming from membership in alternative roles (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985) Strain-based conflict -spillover effect of strain or stress experienced in one role affecting one's ability to fully perform in another (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985) Behavior-based conflict -behavioral requirements of one role which are unsuited for another (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985) Economic-based conflict -difficulty fulfilling financial commitments due to money spent in alternative role(s) Fan-family conflict -form of inter-role conflict in which participation in one's family role is made difficult due to sport fan role demands (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985) Family -"people who think of themselves as part of the family, whether related by blood or marriage or not, and who support and care for each other on a regular basis" (Park et aI.,2003) Family involvement -the extent to which the family role is important and central to an individual's self-concept (Carlson & Perrewe, 1999;Parasuraman & Simmers, 2001) Family support -favorable attitudes towards or joint participation in fan role activities (Goff et aI., 1997) 23 CHAPTER II…”