Type IVB piliated Salmonella typhi enhance IL-6 and NF-κB production in human monocytic THP-1 cells through activation of protein kinase C

Wang, Fubin; Zhang, Xiaolian; Zhou, Yan; Ye, Linbai; Qi, Zhongtian; Wu, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2005.04.001

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, it is assumed that PKC is not involved in UTP-induced ERK phosphorylation in this cell line. It is known that PKC is involved in cytokine production in various kinds of cells (39). Although it has been shown that histamine-induced IL-6 and IL-8 productions are suppressed by a specific PKC inhibitor, Ro-31-8220 (14), in human keratinocytes, our present study demonstrated that PKC downregulation did not affect UTP-induced IL-6 mRNA expression (Fig.…”

Section: +contrasting

confidence: 62%

Contribution of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase to UTP-Induced Interleukin-6 Biosynthesis in HaCaT Keratinocytes

Kobayashi

Ohkubo²,

Nakahata

2006

J Pharmacol Sci

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Abstract. UTP causes interleukin (IL)-6 production via mRNA expression through P2Y 2 / P2Y 4 receptors in human HaCaT keratinocytes. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanism of UTP-induced IL-6 production in these cells. UTP, an agonist of P2Y 2 / P2Y 4 receptors, induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in a concentration-and timedependent manner. PD98059, a MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor, and BAPTA-AM [O,O'-bis(2-aminophenyl)ethyleneglycol-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, tetraacetoxymethyl ester], an intracellular Ca 2+ chelator, reduced UTP-induced ERK phosphorylation and IL-6 mRNA expression. 2-APB [(2-aminoethoxy)diphenylborane], an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 )-receptor antagonist, inhibited UTP-induced IL-6 mRNA expression; and the action of A23187, a Ca 2+ ionophore, resembled the action of UTP. In contrast, protein kinase C (PKC) downregulation and pertussis toxin did not affect UTP-induced IL-6 mRNA expression, suggesting that PKC and G i are not involved in the UTP-induced IL-6 production. However, AG1478, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor inhibitor, partially decreased UTP-induced ERK phosphorylation and IL-6 expression. These results suggest that UTP-induced IL-6 production is in part mediated via phosphorylation of ERK through G q/ 11 / IP 3 / [Ca 2+] i and transactivation of the EGF receptor.

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Section: +contrasting

confidence: 62%

Contribution of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase to UTP-Induced Interleukin-6 Biosynthesis in HaCaT Keratinocytes

Kobayashi

Ohkubo²,

Nakahata

2006

J Pharmacol Sci

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“…These findings are in contrast to other studies that have investigated the involvement of pilus expression in determining the magnitude of the cytokine response. For example, during infection of a human monocytic cell line with Salmonella typhi , Pil + bacteria induced higher levels of IL-6 production and NF- κ B activation than nonpiliated bacteria [34]. However, we should stress that the cytokine pattern observed in our experiments might not necessarily represent the in situ infection, because in vitro mucosal explants are devoid of blood and/or tissue-associated immune effector cells [35], whose contribution to the local cytokine pool is to be expected during the advanced stages of salpingitis when bacteria reach deep into the subepithelial tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neisseria gonorrhoeaePilus Attenuates Cytokine Response of Human Fallopian Tube Explants

Velásquez

García

Morales

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

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Background. A role for pilus during attachment ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeto epithelia of the female reproductive tract is currently assumed. However, Pil−gonococci have been observed during infection of the reproductive tract, which prompted us to examine the effect of pili on the dynamics of infection and the inflammatory responses of mucosal explants of the human Fallopian tube.Methods. Mucosal explants were infected in vitro with Opa negative Pil−and Pil+N. gonorrhoeaestrains.Results. Piliation enhanced gonococcal adherence to the epithelium within 3 h of infection (P<0.05) but thereafter did not offer advantage to gonococci to colonize the epithelial cell surface (P>0.05). No differences were found between the strains in numbers of gonococci inside epithelial cells. Pil−bacteria induced higher levels (P<0.05) of IL-1β, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MCP-1, and MIP-1β than Pil+bacteria. There were no differences between both strains in LOS pattern, and Pil expression did not change after coincubation with mucosal strips.Conclusions. Results show that gonococcal invasion of the human Fallopian tube can occur independently of pilus or Opa expression, and suggest that pilus, by inhibition of several key elements of the initial inflammatory response, facilitates sustained infection of this organ.

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“…This island is 134 kb in length and encodes a variety of putative virulence-associated gene clusters, including the Vi locus, a phage encoding the SopE effector protein of PSI-1 (21-23), a type IV pilus, and a putative type IV secretion system (24)(25)(26)(27). The type IV pilus is involved in aiding attachment to eukaryotic cells (24)(25)(26)(27) and the SopE prophage harbors a gene encoding an effector protein secreted through the TTSS (14).…”

Section: Molecular and Biologic Features Of Salmonella Typhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Typhi: from a Human Pathogen to a Vaccine Vector

2008

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Salmonella (S.) typhi is an important intracellular pathogen. Among the more than 2,300 closely-related Salmonella serovars bacteria recognized, S. typhi is the only one that is pathogenic exclusively for humans, in whom it causes typhoid or enteric fever. The pathogen has been around for many years and many studies have been done in an effort to combat it. Molecular and biologic features of S. typhi and host factors and immune responses involved in Salmonella invasion have been extensively studies. Vaccines that have been developed most notably are Vi polysaccharide and Ty21a. However, as the results show, there is still a long way to go. It is also shown that multi-drug resistance has occurred to the few available antibiotics. More and more studies have shown that Salmonella can be used as a vaccine vector carrying antigens of other pathogens. This has been promising in that the immune system can be elicited in response to both the Salmonella bacteria and the antigen of the pathogen in question. This review aims to highlight some of the milestones attained in the fight against the disease from the time S. typhi was seen as a pathogen causing typhoid fever to the use of Salmonella as a vaccine vector. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2008;5(2):91-97.

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Type IVB piliated Salmonella typhi enhance IL-6 and NF-κB production in human monocytic THP-1 cells through activation of protein kinase C

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Contribution of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase to UTP-Induced Interleukin-6 Biosynthesis in HaCaT Keratinocytes

Contribution of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase to UTP-Induced Interleukin-6 Biosynthesis in HaCaT Keratinocytes

Neisseria gonorrhoeaePilus Attenuates Cytokine Response of Human Fallopian Tube Explants

Salmonella Typhi: from a Human Pathogen to a Vaccine Vector

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