Salmonella Typhi: from a Human Pathogen to a Vaccine Vector

Zhang, Xiaolian; Jeza, Victor Tunje; Pan, Qin

doi:10.1038/cmi.2008.11

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Today typhoid fever remains a major health problem, particularly in developing countries where the lack of a potable water supply, poor environmental sanitation, increasing population and urbanization as well as poor health care delivery systems are rife [2]. The bacterial agent responsible for the spread of typhoid disease among humans is Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) [3]. To date, the greatest burden of typhoid fever occurs in children [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoid perforation in children: an unrelenting plague in developing countries

Usang

Inyang

Nwachukwku

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Despite global scientific development, typhoid fever and subsequent typhoid perforation have continued to be common in developing countries. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the pattern of presentation and management outcomes as well as morbidity and mortality of typhoid perforation among children. Methodology: Children aged 15 years and under with clinical diagnosis of typhoid perforation were retrospectively studied by reviewing their hospital records between January 2006 and December 2015. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test or Cramer's V for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Results: 105 children had typhoid fever, 56 (53.3%) of them were diagnosed with typhoid perforation and 49 were confirmed intra-operatively. Of the children, 55.1% (n = 27) were school-aged while the remaining were adolescents; a majority had the classical triad of persistent fever (100%), abdominal pain (100%) and abdominal swelling (93.9%). Anaemia and hypokalaemia were common. The mean time duration for resuscitation was 16 hours (range 6-36 hours). Most perforations were single (n=36, 73.5%). There were more perforations in the school-aged than adolescent children (p = 0.845; V = 0.298). Wound infection (34.7%) was the most frequent morbidity but faecal fistula (10.2%) was most troublesome to manage. Death followed severe sepsis and chest infections in four children (8.2%). Conclusion: Typhoid perforation continues to cause morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. To stem this endemic disease, community health education and improved living conditions are required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoid perforation in children: an unrelenting plague in developing countries

Usang

Inyang

Nwachukwku

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The most effective part was the root that exhibited powerful antibacterial action against almost all the microorganisms used in the current study except S. aureus. The maximum antibacterial potential of the root extract was found particularly against S. typhi (causative agent for typhoid) [25] and S. boydii (causative agent for dysentery) [28]. Based on these results we can conclude that the root may contain the powerful antibacterial constituent that may serve as a good antibacterial agent in treating typhoid and dysentery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The cultures were maintained on the nutrient agar slant. The Bacillus subtilis [11] Staphylococcus aureus [12][13][14] Streptococcus pyogenes [15][16] Streptococcus agalactiae [17][18] Corynebacterium diphtheriae [19][20] Escherichia coli [21][22] Pseudomonas aeruginosa [23][24] Salmonella typhi [25][26] Shigella boydii [27][28] Aeromonas hydrophila [29][30] nutrient agar was poured into the perti plates (10 × 10cm) and allowed to solidify, after solidification, it was kept in the incubator at 37°C for 24 hours. The main reason for incubation was to maintain the sterility.…”

Section: Antibacterial Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of different extracts from theCatharanthus roseus

Raza¹,

Nasir²,

Abbas³

et al. 2009

Clinical and Experimental Medical Journal

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Catharanthus roseus, or Vinca rosea belongs to the family Apocynaceae, the other common names are periwinkle, madagascar periwinkle, sadabahar. The plant is easily growing and commonly available in the sub-continent. Catharanthus roseus has a variety of medicinal properties, such as antibacterial [1], antifungal [2] and antiviral [3]. The alkaloids from C. roseus are famous for their anticancer activity [4][5]. Studies revealed its wound healing action in the rats [6]. It is also known to possess antidiabetic action via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [7][8]. Antioxidant properties are also reported in the literature [9].Biological screening of the plant was carried out for the determination of antimicrobial activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study the well plate method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of Catharanthus roseus, for this reason wells were made on petri plates filled with nutrient agar containing a culture of a particular bacterial species [10] Catharanthus roseus belongs to the family Apocynaceae, is an erector procumbent herb or undershrub containing latex. It possesses known antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer and antiviral activities. In the present study we carried out the screening of this plant for its antibacterial potential adopting the antibacterial assay. The different parts of C. roseus (leaf, stem, flower and root) were used and extracts were subjected to antibacterial assay. The extracts of C. roseus did not exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, leaf, stem and flower extracts were also ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leave extract did not exhibit activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae, similarly, the crude extract of stem did not shown activity against Shigella boydii. The most effective was the root extract, which exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and S. boydii with the zone of inhibitions measuring 24 mm and 22 mm, respectively. The flower extract also showed activity against C. diphtheriae.

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“…Among the more than 2,099 closely-related Salmonella serovars bacteria recognized, S. typhi is the only one that is pathogenic exclusively for humans, in whom it causes typhoid or enteric fever [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression of Heat Shock Protein (hsp01) Using RT-PCR for Local Isolate of Salmonella

Mohseen¹,

AL-Kazazi²,

Aziz³

2017

JNUS

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Six bacterial isolate were obtained for the genus Salmonella from the central health laboratory ministry of health Baghdad. Then these isolated were identified serologically by antisera test, from statins serum Institut (SSI) using the agglutination reaction (Antigen-antibody complex). The hsp09 gene was identified for the studied isolates by specific primers for gene amplification using PCR technique to include nucleotide sequence up and down stream gene. Results of electrophoresis on agarose gel revealed that the approximate size of the gene is about 161bp.The intensity of gene expression hsp09 for Salmonella Typhimurium measured by CT when the bacterial isolate was exposed to different temperatures (09,09,00,09 and 00) ºC using qRT-PCR result showed a regular increasing of gene expression with temperature, untile a maximum intensity observed at 09 ºC. However the intensity at 00 ºC was statistically insignificant. The impact of UV light at 029nm on gene expression for hsp09 on the Salmonella Typhimurium has been also studied and the results showed significant increase in the gene expression, compared to the normal growth temperature and to the internal positive control(Reference gene) 16sRNA.

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Salmonella Typhi: from a Human Pathogen to a Vaccine Vector

Cited by 70 publications

References 66 publications

Typhoid perforation in children: an unrelenting plague in developing countries

Typhoid perforation in children: an unrelenting plague in developing countries

Antibacterial activity of different extracts from theCatharanthus roseus

Gene Expression of Heat Shock Protein (hsp01) Using RT-PCR for Local Isolate of Salmonella

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