Type I, Type II, and Occasionally Type III

Maltenfort, Mitchell

doi:10.1097/bsd.0000000000000285

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Sample size is another important feature that must always be evaluated. An inadequate number of participants in a study may contribute to errors during the detection of group differences [53]. Among all TMS studies included in the current systematic review, Galhardoni et al, 2014 [30] had the largest sample 33 participants), while Lindholm et al, 2015 [34]; 2016 [33] had the smallest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic orofacial pain: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Background Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) have been described as promising alternatives to treat different pain syndromes. This study evaluated the effects of TMS and tDCS in the treatment of chronic orofacial pain, through a systematic review. Methods An electronic search was performed in major databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, LILACS, BBO, Open Gray and CINAHL. The eligibility criteria comprised randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that applied TMS or tDCS to treat chronic orofacial pain. The variables analyzed were pain, functional limitation, quality of life, tolerance to treatment, somatosensory changes, and adverse effects. The risk of bias was assessed through the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated through GRADE. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018090774). Results The electronic search resulted in 636 studies. Thereafter, the eligibility criteria were applied and the duplicates removed, resulting in eight RCTs (four TMS and four tDCS). The findings of these studies suggest that rTMS applied to the Motor cortex (M1), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) provide adequate orofacial pain relief. Two studies reported significant pain improvement with tDCS applied over M1 while the other two failed to demonstrate significant effects compared to placebo. Conclusions rTMS, applied to M1, DLPFC or S2, is a promising approach for the treatment of chronic orofacial pain. Moreover, tDCS targeting M1 seems to be also effective in chronic orofacial pain treatment. The included studies used a wide variety of therapeutic protocols. In addition, most of them used small sample sizes, with a high risk of biases in their methodologies, thus producing a low quality of evidence. The results indicate that further research should be carried out with caution and with better-standardized therapeutic protocols.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic orofacial pain: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…55 Type III error occurs when the null hypothesis is correctly rejected but for the wrong reason. 55…”

Section: Power and Sample Size Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type I error, or α error, is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is correct (rejection error). 55 The type II error of β error is the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is correct (acceptance or failure to reject error). 55 Type III error occurs when the null hypothesis is correctly rejected but for the wrong reason.…”

Section: Study Design and Statistical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancing Diagnostics and Patient Care: The Role of Biomarkers in Radiology

Sebro

2024

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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The integration of biomarkers into medical practice has revolutionized the field of radiology, allowing for enhanced diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatment strategies, and improved patient care outcomes. This review offers radiologists a comprehensive understanding of the diverse applications of biomarkers in medicine. By elucidating the fundamental concepts, challenges, and recent advancements in biomarker utilization, it will serve as a bridge between the disciplines of radiology and epidemiology. Through an exploration of various biomarker types, such as imaging biomarkers, molecular biomarkers, and genetic markers, I outline their roles in disease detection, prognosis prediction, and therapeutic monitoring. I also discuss the significance of robust study designs, blinding, power and sample size calculations, performance metrics, and statistical methodologies in biomarker research. By fostering collaboration between radiologists, statisticians, and epidemiologists, I hope to accelerate the translation of biomarker discoveries into clinical practice, ultimately leading to improved patient care.

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“…Furthermore, the interpretation of the superiority of any shorter combination of items as evidence of selective anosmia could represent an example of error type 3: to get the right answer to the wrong question (85,86). Although our data, as well as Hawkes and Shephard(21) and others (3,(22)(23)(24)(25)27) correctly reject the null hypothesis that all items on the test are the same, they do not prove that the difference between items is due to selective anosmia to the odors presented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anosmia seletiva na doença de Parkinson

Andrade¹

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Data: DATA DA DEFESA [25/02/2016] DEDICATÓRIA " Ensinar é um exercício de imortalidade. De alguma forma continuamos a viver naqueles cujos olhos aprenderam a ver o mundo pela magia da nossa palavra. O professor, assim, não morre jamais..." Rubem Alves Esse trabalho é dedicado aos meus professores e aqui, ao mencionar alguns, acabo inevitavelmente omitindo outros. A esses, desculpo-me antecipadamente -o tamanho da gratidão a ser expressa em tão poucas linhas, bem como a falibilidade da memória, torna impossível cumprir a tarefa sem deixar lacunas. Dedico aos saudosos professores do Instituto São Tarcísio, na pessoa do meu querido professor de matemática "Jarbão" (que faleceu este ano causando enorme comoção em toda comunidade conquistense). Aos professores da Escola Bahiana de Medicina. Aos preceptores da residência médica, representados pelo Dr. Aroldo Bacellar e pelo Dr. Guilherme Valença. Ao Professor Dr. Andrew Lees e os professores do Queen Square Institute of Neurology, em Londres. Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências médicas na figura da Professora Dra. Laura Silveira-Moriyama. Ao Dr. João de Deus, a quem tive a sorte de ter como um "professor da medicina que não está nos livros" -que me ensina sobre os desafios da prática diária no consultório e sobre como exercer a medicina centrada no sujeito, com dignidade, respeito e sustentabilidade. Descendendo de uma família de professores, não poderia deixar de dedicar este trabalho a minha avó Helena, minha mãe Daisy e minha tia Maria Helena -todas professoras. Minha avó, na época já mãe de 06 filhos, concluiu seu curso de graduação viajando para uma cidade vizinha e aposentou-se na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia como professora e chefe do Departamento de Estudos Linguísticos e Literários (DELL). Minha mãe, que abandonou o estudo da medicina e carreira como funcionária do Banco do Brasil para se realizar como professora de inglês. E minha tia, ex-aluna de doutorado na Unicamp e hoje professora universitária no Canadá. AGRADECIMENTOS Sou extremamente grato à minha orientadora, a Professora Dra. Laura Silveira-Moriyama, cuja orientação próxima e aconselhamento crítico tornaram este projeto possível. Laura acompanha minha carreira desde o mestrado em Londres. Dos encontros com Laura sempre colhi importantes insights científicos, aconselhamento para minha vida pessoal e profissional, bem como motivação para seguir em frente. Faltam palavras para descrever minha admiração por Laura e gratidão pelo seu aconselhamento e amizade. Agradeço à colega Laís Donabella pela ajuda na formatação deste manuscrito. Agradeço à Dra. Marilisa Guerreiro pelas críticas construtivas na elaboração desta tese. Agradeço à Senhora Márcia Aguiar Santos (conhecida carinhosamente como "Marcinha"), secretária da Pós-Graduação, que sempre respondeu com presteza e agilidade a todas as minhas dúvidas durante o curso do doutorado. Agradeço ao Dr. Aroldo Bacellar e ao Dr. Guilherme Valença por terem contribuído para a formação dos alicerces no meu aprendizado da neurolo...

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Type I, Type II, and Occasionally Type III

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

The efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic orofacial pain: A systematic review

The efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic orofacial pain: A systematic review

Advancing Diagnostics and Patient Care: The Role of Biomarkers in Radiology

Anosmia seletiva na doença de Parkinson

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