Type I interferon-dependent response of zebrafish larvae during tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection

Widziolek, Magdalena; Janik, Klaudia; Mojzesz, Miriam; Pooranachandran, Niedharsan; Adamek, Mikołaj; Pecio, Anna; Surachetpong, Win; Levraud, Jean‐Pierre; Boudinot, Pierre; Chadzińska, Magdalena; Rakus, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2020.103936

Cited by 14 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, we prove that mechanisms involved in virus-induced immune response and sickness behavior are evolutionary conserved and fully operating already in the earliest vertebrates-fish. Using TiLV-zebrafish infection models (27,28), we showed that TiLV exhibits neurotropism, remains at a high level in the brain for at least 3 months, and induces the type I IFN-dependent and inflammatory response in the CNS. Subsequently, in infected fish, we observed microglia activation and profound changes in the locomotor and feeding behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously shown that zebrafish larvae appear to be more susceptible to TiLV as compared with adult fish, with high mortality observed already at 4–5 dpi ( 28 ). Using the zebrafish larvae infection model, we noticed viral replication in both the head and body of zebrafish larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to infection, zebrafish larvae at 54 h postfertilization (hpf): Tuebingen strain for viral load and gene expression study, and transgenic line Tg(mpeg1.1:mCherryF)ump2 ( 30 ) for microscopic evaluation of microglia activation, were anesthetized and microinjected systemically with 3 nl of medium containing TiLV (1 × 10 7 TCID50/ml) or control L15 medium (mock-infection) into the duct of Cuvier as described previously ( 28 ). At 24 and 48 hpi, larvae were anesthetized and used for (i) sample collection: heads and the rest of the bodies were collected separately into the fixRNA (EURx) (eight larvae pooled per sample) and stored at −20°C until RNA isolation and (ii) microscopic evaluation of microglia activation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, a high level of TiLV was observed in the brain of infected tilapia ( 23 , 25 ), and this was correlated with the clear histopathological changes ( 23 ) and activation of the expression of genes involved in the antiviral immune response in the tilapia brain ( 25 , 26 ). We recently described the TiLV infection model in adult and larvae of zebrafish ( 27 , 28 ), and our virus tropism study revealed that in adult fish the highest viral load of TiLV was found in the brain ( 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior

et al. 2021

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In mammals, the relationship between the immune system and behavior is widely studied. In fish, however, the knowledge concerning the brain immune response and behavioral changes during brain viral infection is very limited. To further investigate this subject, we used the model of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection of zebrafish (Danio rerio), which was previously developed in our laboratory. We demonstrated that TiLV persists in the brain of adult zebrafish for at least 90 days, even when the virus is not detectable in other peripheral organs. The virions were found in the whole brain. During TiLV infection, zebrafish displayed a clear sickness behavior: decreased locomotor activity, reduced food intake, and primarily localizes near the bottom zone of aquaria. Moreover, during swimming, individual fish exhibited also unusual spiral movement patterns. Gene expression study revealed that TiLV induces in the brain of adult fish strong antiviral and inflammatory response and upregulates expression of genes encoding microglia/macrophage markers. Finally, using zebrafish larvae, we showed that TiLV infection induces histopathological abnormalities in the brain and causes activation of the microglia which is manifested by changes in cell shape from a resting ramified state in mock-infected to a highly ameboid active state in TiLV-infected larvae. This is the first study presenting a comprehensive analysis of the brain immune response associated with microglia activation and subsequent sickness behavior during systemic viral infection in zebrafish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior

et al. 2021

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“…Both ifn and mx responses have been detected in tilapia lake virus (TiLV)-infected tilapia and zebrafish larvae [ 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Ssrna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection—An Overview of Five Major Antiviral Genes

Ortega-Villaizán¹,

Chico²,

Pérez³

2022

Viruses

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Fish viral diseases represent a constant threat to aquaculture production. Thus, a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in establishing an antiviral state associated with protection against virus replication and pathogenesis is paramount for a sustainable aquaculture industry. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on five selected host innate immune-related genes in response to the most relevant viral pathogens in fish farming. Viruses have been classified as ssRNA, dsRNA, and dsDNA according to their genomes, in order to shed light on what those viruses may share in common and what response may be virus-specific, both in vitro (cell culture) as well as in vivo. Special emphasis has been put on trying to identify markers of resistance to viral pathogenesis. That is, those genes more often associated with protection against viral disease, a key issue bearing in mind potential applications into the aquaculture industry.

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Silencing Asian Seabass gab3 Inhibits Nervous Necrosis Virus Replication

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

Mar Biotechnol

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Type I interferon-dependent response of zebrafish larvae during tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior

Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior

Fish Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection—An Overview of Five Major Antiviral Genes

Silencing Asian Seabass gab3 Inhibits Nervous Necrosis Virus Replication

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