Tympanosclerosis: review of literature and incidence among patients with middle-ear infection

Asiri, Saad; Hasham, Alaa; Anazy, Fatma Al; Zakzouk, Siraj M.; Banjar, Adel

doi:10.1017/s0022215100157937

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Chronic middle ear infections also induce myringosclerosis and tympanosclerosis, which lead to hearing impairment in 7-33% of patients [3] . Myringosclerosis may be seen during otomicroscopic examination of the tympanic membrane as white calcification plaques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Enoxaparin Sodium on Experimentally-Induced Myringosclerosis in Rats

Ayata

Kaptan²,

Uzunkulaoğlu³

et al. 2016

Int Adv Otol

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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of enoxaparin sodium (ES) on experimentally-induced myringosclerosis in rats. MATERIALS and METHODS:Twenty Wistar albino-type rats weighing up to 250-300 g each were randomized into four groups containing five rats each and were then bilaterally myringotomized. The control group (n=5) received intratympanic serum physiologic injections, whereas ES2 (n=5), ES4 (n=5), and ES6 groups (n=5) received intratympanic ES of 2000 IU, 4000 IU, and 6000 IU, respectively, for 10 days after myringotomy. Rats were sacrificed at 60 days after intratympanic application and were then prepared for histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS:As for tympanic membrane hyaline degeneration, there were statistically significant differences among the control, ES2, ES4, and ES6 groups (p<0.05). As for fibrosis formation on tympanic membranes, a statistically significant difference was observed among the control and study groups; however, although not statistically significant, the formation of fibrosis was slowed down in the ES2 and ES4 groups compared with the control group. The control and study groups did not show any significant difference for calcification, hyperemia, and tympanic membrane thickening (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Although our study and control groups comprised limited number of animals, and only one parameter demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the groups, ES may have an ameliorating effect on myringosclerosis induced by myringotomy in the tympanic membranes of rats. ES proved to be effective in the prevention of hyaline disc formation. Further studies should be conducted for better understanding of the effects of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (i.e., enoxaparin) on myringosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myringosclerosis is an irreversible dystrophic calcification involving the fibrous layer of the tympanic membrane caused by trauma, myringotomy, ventilation tube insertion, chronic middle ear infection, chemical agents, chronic middle ear effusion, and autoimmunity [1][2][3] . Tympanosclerosis was first described by Zollner in 1956 [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Enoxaparin Sodium on Experimentally-Induced Myringosclerosis in Rats

Ayata

Kaptan²,

Uzunkulaoğlu³

et al. 2016

Int Adv Otol

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“…This outcome suggested the potential effects of an individual's predisposition or genetic factors on the development of MS. Kamal et al [14] performed a study on 85 cases regarding the association between TS and cholesteatoma and detected cholesteatomas that were concurrent with TS, which they treated with radical surgery. Asiri et al [15] reported the presence of cholesteatomas in 2.2% of patients (or 90 ears with TS). Onal et al [16] intraoperatively determined the frequency of TS as 5.7% among 191 operated cases with chronic otitis media and reported TS-cholesteatoma concomitancy in 27% of the cases.…”

Section: Involvement Of Ts Is Termed Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also characterized by accumulation of calcified collagen fibrils localized in the submucosal connective tissue [1] . Tympanosclerosis involving only the tympanic membrane is termed myringosclerosis [2,3] . Calcareous deposits in the tympanic membrane were originally described by Cassebohm in 1734.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Post-Tympanoplasty Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Development of Myringosclerosis in the Graft: A Clinical Study

Özbay¹,

Dündar²,

Kulduk³

et al. 2014

Int Adv Otol

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OBJECTIVE: Myringosclerosis (MS) is a pathological condition characterized by hyaline degeneration and calcification of the collagenous structure of the fibrotic layer of the tympanic membrane, which may develop after trauma, infection, or inflammation as myringotomy, insertion of a ventilation tube, or myringoplasty. The aim of our study was to both reveal and evaluate the impact of the factors that might be effective on the post-tympanoplasty development of myringosclerosis in the graft. MATERIALS and METHODS:In line with this objective, a total of 108 patients (44 males and 64 females) aged between 11 and 66 years (mean age, 29.5 years) who had undergone type 1 tympanoplasty (TP) with an intact canal wall technique and type 2 TP, followed up for an average of 38.8 months, were evaluated. In the presence of myringosclerosis, in consideration of the tympanic membrane (TM) quadrants involved, the influential factors were analyzed in our study, together with the development of myringosclerosis, including preoperative factors, such as the presence of myringosclerosis in the residual and also contralateral tympanic membrane, extent and location of the perforation, and perioperative factors, such as tympanosclerosis in the middle ear and mastoid cavity, cholesteatoma, granulation tissue, and type of the operation performed. For statistical analysis of data, independent samples t-test was used. RESULTS:Our study comprised 44 male and 64 female patients. Median postoperative follow-up period was estimated as 38.8 months. The rate of postoperative development of myringosclerosis in grafts was significantly higher in patients with already existing sclerotic foci in TM (p=0.001). The location of the perforation had no effect on the postoperative development of MS in the graft (p=0.521). No statistically significant difference was detected between the size of the perforation and formation of MS (p=0.581). Statistical analysis of both groups could not discern any significant intergroup difference as to the impact of the presence or absence of cholesteatoma on the development and extent of MS (p=0.604). Impact of tympanosclerosis on the postoperative development and extent of MS in the graft was significant (p=0.001). Presence or absence of granulation tissue on the development or extent of myringosclerosis was not detected (p=0.697). Myringosclerotic foci in the contralateral ears had a statistically significant effect on the postoperative development and extent of MS in the grafts (p=0.001). Type of surgery performed did not exert any significant effect on the development or extent of myringosclerosis (p=0.765). CONCLUSION:We have determined that the presence of myringosclerosis in the residual membrane and in the contralateral tympanic membrane and tympanosclerosis in the middle ear have a significant role in the development of postoperative myringosclerosis in the tympanic membrane, contrary to the type of the surgical intervention, location and extent of perforation, presence of cholesteatoma, and granulation tissue.

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“…The effect of tympanosclerosis on the tympanic membrane is called myringosclerosis (2,3). Depending on the frequency of ventilation tube (VT) insertion due to otitis media with effusion (OME) in children, the incidence of myringosclerosis is high in pediatric population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Trend in the Management of Pediatric Deep Neck Abscess: Achievement of the Medical Treatment Alone

Üstündağ

Koçyiğit

Bulut

et al. 2017

Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Objective: We aimed to examine the effect of topical dexamethasone by otomicroscopic and histologic examinations for preventing myringosclerosis induced by myringotomy in rat tympanic membranes.Methods: Twenty-one Sprague Dawley rats (42 ears) were randomly divided into the following three groups after otomicroscopic examinations: experimental surgical group (5 rats), control group (8 rats), and study group (8 rats). The rats of all the groups underwent myringotomy in both tympanic membranes. Other than myringotomy, no additional procedure was performed for the rats in the experimental surgical group. In the control group, 0.9% NaCl was applied to the ears, whereas in the study groups, topical dexamethasone was applied to the ears. These applications in the control and study groups were repeated for nine days. On the 10th day of the study, the rat ears of all groups underwent otomicroscopic and histologic examinations. The prevalence and process of myringosclerosis were evaluated by otomicroscopic examination, whereas inflammation, membrane thickness, and myringosclerosis intensity were evaluated by histologic examination. Results:The growth of myringosclerosis with otomicroscopic examination was lesser in the study group in which topical dexamethasone was applied than the control and the experimental surgical groups. Moreover, it was observed that myringosclerosis effected fewer quadrants in the study group.Histologic examinations revealed that inflammation was significantly lesser in the study group than in the experimental surgical and control groups. The average membrane thickness values were significantly lesser in the study group than in the experimental surgical group. With respect to myringosclerosis growth, no statistically significant difference was observed among all groups, whereas with respect to myringosclerosis intensity, the rat ears in the study group were less severely affected.Conclusion: Thus, our study results suggest that applying topical dexamethasone after myringotomy has positive effects on limiting the intensity and prevalence of myringosclerosis.

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Tympanosclerosis: review of literature and incidence among patients with middle-ear infection

Cited by 78 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Enoxaparin Sodium on Experimentally-Induced Myringosclerosis in Rats

Effect of Enoxaparin Sodium on Experimentally-Induced Myringosclerosis in Rats

A Post-Tympanoplasty Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Development of Myringosclerosis in the Graft: A Clinical Study

A New Trend in the Management of Pediatric Deep Neck Abscess: Achievement of the Medical Treatment Alone

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