Two Years Before the Hatch: Rootworms Adapt to Crop Rotation

Krysan, James L.; Foster, David E.; Branson, T. F.; Ostlie, K. R.; Cranshaw, Whitney

doi:10.1093/besa/32.4.250

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Rotation resistance subsequently spread to parts of surrounding states before stalling out in the mid 2000s ). The northern corn rootworm also evolved rotation resistance, but by a different mechanism: extended diapause, where eggs remain in diapause for two or more years (Krysan et al 1986;Levine et al 1992;French et al 2012). Although natural enemies of rootworms exist, there has been little success in enhancing population control in the USA (see Gray et al 2009).…”

Section: Western Corn Rootwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging issues in Integrated Pest Management Implementation and Adoption in the North Central USA

Sappington

2014

Integrated Pest Management

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Section: Western Corn Rootwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging issues in Integrated Pest Management Implementation and Adoption in the North Central USA

Sappington

2014

Integrated Pest Management

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“…However, Diabrotica spp. have adapted to crop rotation; in areas of Minnesota, Iowa and South Dakota, northern corn rootworms, Diabrotica barberi, have extended their diapause for two or more years (Krysan et al, 1986). In Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin, D. v. virgifera defeat rotation by ovipositing in non-maize crops such as soybeans (Levine and Oloumi-Sadeghi, 1996).…”

Section: Cultural Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Present and Future Role of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Maize in IPM

Hellmich

Albajes

Bergvinson

et al. 2008

Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops Within IPM Programs

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Commercial, genetically-modified (GM) maize was first planted in the United States (USA, 1996) and Canada (1997) but now is grown in 13 countries on a total of over 35 million hectares (>24% of area worldwide). The first GM maize plants produced a Cry protein derived from the soil bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which made them resistant to European corn borer and other lepidopteran maize pests. New GM maize hybrids not only have resistance to lepidopteran pests but some have resistance to coleopteran pests and tolerance to specific herbicides. Growers are attracted to the Btmaize hybrids for their convenience and because of yield protection, reduced need for chemical insecticides, and improved grain quality. Yet, most growers worldwide still rely on traditional integrated pest management (IPM) methods to control maize pests. They must weigh the appeal of buying insect protection "in the bag" against questions regarding economics, environmental safety, and insect resistance management (IRM). Traditional management of maize insects and the opportunities and challenges presented by GM maize are considered as they relate to current and future insect-resistant products. Four countries, two that currently have commercialize Bt maize (USA and Spain) and two that do not (China and Kenya), are highlighted. As with other insect management tactics (e.g., insecticide use or tillage), GM maize should not be considered inherently compatible or incompatible with IPM. Rather, the effect of GM insect-resistance on maize IPM likely depends on how the technology is developed and used. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. , 1996) and Canada (1997) but now is grown in 13 countries on a total of over 35 million hectares (>24% of area worldwide). The first GM maize plants produced a Cry protein derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which made them resistant to European corn borer and other lepidopteran maize pests. New GM maize hybrids not only have resistance to lepidopteran pests but some have resistance to coleopteran pests and tolerance to specific herbicides. Growers are attracted to the Bt maize hybrids for their convenience and because of yield protection, reduced need for chemical insecticides, and improved grain quality. Yet, most growers worldwide still rely on traditional integrated pest management (IPM) methods to control maize pests. They must weigh the appeal of buying insect protection "in the bag" against questions regarding economics, environmental safety, and insect resistance management (IRM). Traditional management of maize insects and the opportunities and challenges presented by GM maize are considered as they relate to current and future insect-resistant products. Four countries, two that currently have commercialize Bt maize (USA and Spain) and two that do not (China and Kenya), are highlighted. As with other insect management tactic...

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“…Eggs of D. barberi can survive multiple winters (Chiang 1965), and in some cases, Ͼ40% of eggs hatch after the second winter (Krysan et al 1984(Krysan et al , 1986. Eggs hatching after two winters are rotation resistant through the physiological adaptation of extended diapause.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extended diapause has been documented to last up to 4 yr in D. barberi, and within a population the percentage of eggs that hatch per year can mimic regional patterns of rotation . Rotation-resistant D. barberi may be found over much of the northern Corn Belt (Foster 1987, Landis et al 1992, Krysan 1993, although in some areas extended diapause occurs less frequently (Krysan et al 1986, Steffey et al 1992. Mating between rotation-susceptible and rotation-resistant D. barberi is essentially random and expression of extended diapause is predicted to increase only in areas where crop rotation is practiced frequently (Krafsur 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and Distribution of Western and Northern Corn Rootworm (<I>Diabrotica</I> spp.) and Prevalence of Rotation Resistance in Eastern Iowa

Dunbar

Gassmann

2013

jnl. econ. entom.

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The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are major pests of corn (Zea mays L.). Historically, crop rotation has been an effective management strategy, but both species have adapted to crop rotation in the Midwest. For both species in eastern Iowa, we measured abundance and prevalence of rotation resistance using sticky traps and emergence cages in fields of corn and soybean (Glycine max L.). Based on currently available data, we calculated the economic thresholds for these pests at two Diabrotica spp. per trap per day in cornfields and 1.5 D. v. virgifera per trap per day in soybean fields. The economic injury level of rotation-resistant D. barberi was determined to be 3.5 adult insects per emergence cage per year. Peak abundance of rootworm adults in cornfields was below economic thresholds in the majority of fields sampled, suggesting that management of rootworm larvae in continuous cornfields may not always be necessary. Rotation-resistant D. barberi was found throughout eastern Iowa using emergence cages in first-year cornfields, however, the abundance was below levels expected to impose economic injury in 14 of 17 fields evaluated. The presence of rotation-resistant D. v. virgifera, as measured by the occurrence of this insect in soybean fields, occurred only in northeastern Iowa and was also below the economic threshold. These data suggests that crop rotation remains a viable pest management strategy in eastern Iowa.

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Two Years Before the Hatch: Rootworms Adapt to Crop Rotation

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Emerging issues in Integrated Pest Management Implementation and Adoption in the North Central USA

Emerging issues in Integrated Pest Management Implementation and Adoption in the North Central USA

The Present and Future Role of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Maize in IPM

Abundance and Distribution of Western and Northern Corn Rootworm (<I>Diabrotica</I> spp.) and Prevalence of Rotation Resistance in Eastern Iowa

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