Two women who pioneered user-centered design

Grudin, Jonathan; Williams, Gayna

doi:10.1145/2530538

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, evidence suggests they became good friends (Hughes, 2015). Before leaving on her final flight, Earhart noted that the most rewarding part of her time at Purdue was working with Gilbreth (Grudin & Williams, 2013), and Gilbreth, in turn, reflected on her “beloved friend” and how inspiring she had been in life (Gilbreth, 1940, p. 2). Following Earhart’s disappearance on her famous flight in 1937, Gilbreth took over some of Earhart’s counseling responsibilities through the end of that year (Lancaster, 2015).…”

Section: Background and Time At Purduementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Gilbreth was expansive and, as noted by Grudin and Williams (2013), “defies easy summarization” (p. 16). Prior to Frank’s death, she worked with him in their consulting company, which, as noted, specialized in motion studies of job performance, with her emphasis being on the psychological aspects of workers and their management.…”

Section: Contributions To Human Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lillian Gilbreth and Amelia Earhart: How an Eye Toward Diversity Brought Two Pioneers Together

Chong¹,

Proctor²

2019

Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applicatio

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Amelia Earhart and Lillian Gilbreth are well-known for their accomplishments during the 20th century in aviation and industrial management, respectively. Both were outspoken advocates of women having professional careers during a time when that was uncommon. For these reasons, in 1935, Edward C. Elliott, then president of Purdue University, hired Earhart and Gilbreth. Earhart served as counselor on careers for women and consultant for aeronautics until her death in 1937 and Gilbreth as counselor and professor of management until 1948. Their contributions provide a beacon for the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society in its continual striving for diversity and equality for all members.

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Section: Background and Time At Purduementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contributions To Human Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lillian Gilbreth and Amelia Earhart: How an Eye Toward Diversity Brought Two Pioneers Together

Chong¹,

Proctor²

2019

Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applicatio

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Machinery for managers: secretaries, psychologists, and ‘human–computer interaction’, 1973–1983

Schirvar

2023

BJHS Themes

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This article characterizes early research in the field of ‘human–computer interaction’ (HCI) by analysing the first decade of ‘user psychology’ research at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). PARC's Applied Information-Processing Psychology Project (AIP) provided an initial theoretical foundation for HCI in the early 1980s. Like researchers in artificial intelligence (AI), researchers at AIP drew from information-processing psychology. However, AIP researchers argued that their focus on human behaviour distinguished their research from AI and other fields allied with computer science. Previous scholarship has shown that United States computer engineers became concerned with ‘users’ as they sought to commercialize military-funded developments in interactive computing. This paper argues that the decision made by upper management in computerizing workplaces to shift some text production work from clerical workers to middle managers during the 1970s and 1980s led AIP to perceive ambiguities around gender and technical skill. This shaped the initial theoretical foundations that the research group offered to HCI – especially the group's conception of the ‘user’. Computer designers went from presenting word-processing programs as clerical machines for women workers to presenting them as tools for masculine thinking. AIP's research diverged from industrial engineering and AI in response to this transformation.

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Introduction

2018

Counterproductive

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Two women who pioneered user-centered design

Abstract: Timelines provides perspectives on HCI history, glancing back at a road that sometimes took unexpected branches and turns. History is not a dry list of events; it is about points of view and differing interpretations. Jonathan Grudin, Editor

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Lillian Gilbreth and Amelia Earhart: How an Eye Toward Diversity Brought Two Pioneers Together

Lillian Gilbreth and Amelia Earhart: How an Eye Toward Diversity Brought Two Pioneers Together

Machinery for managers: secretaries, psychologists, and ‘human–computer interaction’, 1973–1983

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