TWO‐WAY TRANS‐ATLANTIC MIGRATION OF A NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE (<i>EUBALAENA GLACIALIS</i>)

Jacobsen, Karl‐Otto; Marx, Marilyn K.; Øien, Nils

doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01147.x

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Since there is an annually and seasonally consistent use of this habitat, an SMA could provide E. glacialis protection from ship strikes and potentially other anthropogenic activities (Van der Hoop et al 2013. Mitigation options for wind energy facility installations have been identified and used in other regions (IWC 2012), and our study provides important findings to support development and refinement of such measures in this area. For example, construction activities that may have harmful impacts could be scheduled outside the seasonal presence of E. glacialis in the WEAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The most recent 'best estimate' for the species' abundance based on photographic records was 526 individuals (Pettis & Hamilton 2015). E. glacialis use the waters along the entire eastern seaboard of North America, from Florida to Iceland , Knowlton et al 1992, Jacobsen et al 2004. Important feeding habitats for the species include the Bay of Fundy (Kraus et al 1982), the Great South Channel , Georges Basin and the northern edge of Georges Bank, east of Cape Cod and south of Nova Scotia (Waring et al 2015), Cape Cod Bay (Hamilton & Mayo 1990, Mayo & Marx 1990, Nichols et al 2008, and the Nova Scotian shelf (Stone et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis occurrence in offshore wind energy areas near Massachusetts and Rhode Island, USA

Leiter¹,

Stone²,

Thompson³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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Recent surveys of wind energy areas offshore of Massachusetts and Rhode Island (USA) have demonstrated that they encompass habitat used by the Endangered North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis. Prior to 2011, little systematic survey effort had been conducted in the area. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the state of Massachusetts supported 3.5 yr of twice-monthly aerial surveys by the Northeast Large Pelagic Survey Collaborative (NLPSC). Additional survey teams including the Northeast Fisheries Science Center and the Center for Coastal Studies have collected sightings data in the region. Data systematically collected by the NLPSC allowed analyses of monthly sightings rates, sightings per unit effort, and hot spots which provided information on current temporal and spatial use patterns. Abundance estimates for each season-year (i.e. a 3 mo period within a given survey year) were calculated. Behaviors observed included feeding and surface active groups. Photo-identification of whales since 2010 yielded a minimum count of 196 unique individuals (annual average = 35), or over one-third of the current population estimate. Analyses of demographics of these individuals revealed that 34 known calving females (30% of the total currently presumed alive) visited the study area. These results demonstrate consistent annual use of this area by a significant portion of the E. glacialis population, with a strong correlation between season and presence. These findings can inform management activities and development planning, and be used as a baseline dataset for assessing long-term impacts to the species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis occurrence in offshore wind energy areas near Massachusetts and Rhode Island, USA

Leiter¹,

Stone²,

Thompson³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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“…It is unclear if our data indicate a rare occurrence or an unknown but more consistent presence of right whales at this time of year. Nevertheless, movement patterns that are not characteristic of the entire right whale population have been documented before, including presence in historical ranges and unexpected habitats (Moore & Clark 1963, Mate et al 1997, Jacobsen et al 2004, Mellinger et al 2011. Since right whales are not typically observed so far south outside of the calving season, further investigation is needed to understand what is influencing right whale summer distribution along the nearshore waters of Georgia.…”

Section: Right Whale Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

North Atlantic right whale occurrence near wind energy areas along the mid-Atlantic US coast: implications for management

Hodge¹,

Muirhead²,

Morano³

et al. 2015

Endang. Species. Res.

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The distribution and seasonal patterns of the North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, inform management decisions that mitigate anthropogenic threats. Based on data from visual surveys, much of the population migrates between winter calving grounds in coastal waters adjacent to the southeast USA and summer feeding and nursery grounds adjacent to the northeast USA. However, little is known about right whale occurrence along the mid-Atlantic US migratory corridor. A better understanding of right whale occurrence in this region is needed prior to offshore wind energy development activities, which may increase mortality risks and chronic impacts on the population. We conducted an 11 mo passive acoustic survey along coastal North Carolina and Georgia near several wind energy areas to document the acoustic occurrence of right whales in the southern region of the mid-Atlantic US coast. Right whales were acoustically detected across all seasons, with peak seasonal presence occurring during autumn in the Georgia site and during winter in the North Carolina site. A secondary peak in presence also occurred during June and July in the Georgia site, when right whales were not expected to be in the area. Given the nearly year-round presence of right whales in the survey areas, these results may warrant an evaluation of current management protocols in order to provide adequate protection to the population in the face of offshore energy development activities.

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“…The North Atlantic right whale is currently recognized as "endangered" (IUCN, 2006). Although it was once a trans-Atlantic species, the only viable population that remains is found primarily in the western North Atlantic (but see Knowlton et al, 1992;Martin and Walker, 1997;Reeves, 2001;Jacobsen et al, 2004) with 300-350 individuals remaining (IWC, 2001;Kraus et al, 2001Kraus et al, , 2005. In addition to having a very small population size, this species has low genetic diversity (Schaeff et al, 1991(Schaeff et al, , 1997Malik et al, 2000;Waldick et al, 2002) and a low reproductive rate (Knowlton et al, 1994;Kraus et al, 2001), two factors that have been assumed to be a result of population reductions caused by whaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bowhead whales, and not right whales, were the primary target of 16th- to 17th-century Basque Whalers in the Western North Atlantic

McLeod¹,

Brown²,

Moore³

et al. 2009

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. During the 16th and 17th centuries, Basque whalers travelled annually to the Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence to hunt whales. The hunting that occurred during this period is of primary significance for the North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis (Müller, 1776), because it has been interpreted as the largest human-induced reduction of the western North Atlantic population, with ~12 250 -21 000 whales killed. It has been frequently reported that the Basques targeted two species in this region: the North Atlantic right whale and the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus L., 1758. To evaluate this hypothesis and the relative impact of this period of whaling on both species, we collected samples from 364 whale bones during a comprehensive search of Basque whaling ports from the 16th to the 17th century in the Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Bones were found and sampled at 10 of the 20 sites investigated. DNA was extracted from a subset (n = 218) of these samples. Analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b region identified five whale species. The identification of only a single right whale bone and 203 bowhead whale bones from at least 72 individuals indicates that the bowhead whale was likely the principal target of the hunt. These results imply that this whaling had a much greater impact (in terms of numbers of whales removed) on the bowhead whale population than on the western North Atlantic right whale population.Key words: Balaena mysticetus, Eubalaena glacialis, whaling, Basque, Little Ice Age, historical population size, DNA, bone, cytochrome b RÉSUMÉ. Aux XVI e et XVII e siècles, les baleiniers basques se rendaient tous les ans au détroit de Belle Isle et au golfe du SaintLaurent pour faire la chasse aux baleines. La chasse qui s'est effectuée pendant cette période revêt une grande importance pour la baleine franche ou baleine noire de l'Atlantique Nord, Eubalaena glacialis (Müller, 1776), car cette activité serait interprétée comme la plus grande réduction de la population de baleines franches de l'Atlantique Nord causée par l'être humain, au rythme d'environ 12 250 à 21 000 baleines tuées. On a souvent signalé que les Basques visaient deux espèces dans cette région, soit la baleine franche de l'Atlantique Nord et la baleine boréale, Balaena mysticetus L., 1758. Pour évaluer cette hypothèse et l'incidence relative de cette période de pêche aux baleines sur ces deux espèces, nous avons recueilli des échantillons provenant de 364 ossements de baleines dans le cadre d'une recherche approfondie de ports basques de chasse à la baleine remontant aux XVI e et XVII e siècles dans le détroit de Belle Isle et le golfe du Saint-Laurent. Des ossements ont été trouvés et échantillonnés à 10 des 20 sites ayant fait l'objet de notre recherche. De l'ADN a été extrait d'un sous-ensemble (n = 218) de ces échantillons. L'analyse mitochondriale cytochrome b de la région a permis d'identifier cinq espèces de baleines. L'identification d'un seul os de baleine franche et de 203 os de balei...

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TWO‐WAY TRANS‐ATLANTIC MIGRATION OF A NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE (EUBALAENA GLACIALIS)

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis occurrence in offshore wind energy areas near Massachusetts and Rhode Island, USA

North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis occurrence in offshore wind energy areas near Massachusetts and Rhode Island, USA

North Atlantic right whale occurrence near wind energy areas along the mid-Atlantic US coast: implications for management

Bowhead whales, and not right whales, were the primary target of 16th- to 17th-century Basque Whalers in the Western North Atlantic

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