Two Tests of the Stuck-in-Time Hypothesis

Roberts, William A.; Roberts, Shelley

doi:10.1080/00221300209602105

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…W. A. Roberts and S. Roberts (2002) assessed the ability of rats to remember the order in which they entered arms on a radial maze. The rats were unable to discriminate the first arm they encountered from the other arms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of what, when, and where is not based on time of day

Babb

Crystal

2006

Learning & Behavior

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of what, when, and where is not based on time of day

Babb

Crystal

2006

Learning & Behavior

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“…Other approaches provide independent evidence for episodic memory in rats (Eacott & Easton, 2012, this issue; Eacott, Easton, & Zinkivskay, 2005; Zhou, Hohmann, & Crystal, in press) but are beyond the scope of this review. Efforts to document memory for a specific earlier event in rats have been complicated by some initial attempts that did not produce robust memory (Bird, Roberts, Abroms, Kit, & Crupi, 2003; Roberts & Roberts, 2002). Subsequent studies suggested that rats remember what-where-when (Babb & Crystal, 2005, 2006a, 2006b; Eacott, et al, 2005; Eacott & Norman, 2004; Kart-Teke, De Souza Silva, Huston, & Dere, 2006; Naqshbandi, Feeney, McKenzie, & Roberts, 2007).…”

Section: Rats Remember When An Earlier Episode Occurredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective cognition in rats

Crystal¹

2012

Learning and Motivation

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Efforts to develop animal models of memory are critical for understanding the neural substrate of memory. Memory is essential for daily life and enables information to be stored and retrieved after seconds to years. The ability to remember episodes from the past is thought to be related to the ability to plan for the future. Here we focus on a particular aspect of prospective cognition, namely the ability to remember to take action when a future scenario occurs. This review focuses on a recently developed method to evaluate prospective memory in the rat. Available evidence suggests that rats remember to take action in the future, but little is known about the temporal specificity of such memories or about the flexibility and limitations of prospective memories. Recent studies that suggest that rats remember a specific past episode are reviewed to underscore potential approaches that may be used to explore the range and limits of prospective cognition. The review highlights some directions to explore, including the temporal specificity of prospective cognition, the range of flexibility or creativity within prospective cognition, and the constraints imposed by multiple motivational systems.

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“…One successful approach has been to test for specific aspects of episodic memory in nonhumans, rather than attempting to capture all the properties of episodic memory with a single paradigm (e.g. Clayton et al, 2001; Clayton and Russell, 2009; Dere et al, 2006; Fortin et al, 2002; Hampton and Schwartz, 2004; Roberts and Roberts, 2002). The study of memory for the order of unique events appears to capture some aspects of episodic memory (Fortin et al, 2002; Kesner et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive mechanisms of memory for order in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Templer

Hampton

2012

Hippocampus

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One important aspect of episodic memory is the ability to remember the order in which events occurred. Memory for sequences in rats and has been shown to rely on the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (DeVito and Eichenbaum, J Neuro 2011; 31: 3169–3175; Fortin et al., Nat Neuro 2002; 5:458–462). Rats with hippocampal lesions were impaired in selecting the odor that had appeared earlier in a sequence of five odors but were not impaired in recognition of previously sampled odors (Fortin et al., 2002; Kesner et al., Behav Neuro 2002; 116:286–290). These results suggest that order is not represented by relative familiarity or memory strength. However, the cognitive mechanisms underlying memory for order have not been determined. We presented monkeys with lists of five images drawn randomly from a pool of 6,000 images. At test, two images were presented and monkeys were rewarded for selecting the image that had appeared earlier in the studied list. Monkeys learned to discriminate the order of the images, even those that were consecutive in the studied list. In subsequent experiments we found that discrimination of order was not controlled by list position or relative memory strength. Instead, monkeys used temporal order, a mechanism that appears to encode order of occurrence relative to other events, rather than in absolute time. We found that number of intervening images, rather than passage of time per se, most strongly determined the discriminability of order of occurrence. Better specifying the cognitive mechanisms nonhuman primates use to remember the order of events enhances this animal model of episodic memory, and may further inform our understanding of the functions of the hippocampus.

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Two Tests of the Stuck-in-Time Hypothesis

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Discrimination of what, when, and where is not based on time of day

Discrimination of what, when, and where is not based on time of day

Prospective cognition in rats

Cognitive mechanisms of memory for order in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

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