Two Successful Breeding Events Timed by Monitoring Urinary Steroid Hormones in Captive Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

Aramaki, Yusuke; Hama, Natsuki; Kawakami, Hiroshi; Shimada, Yukiyoshi; Nakane, N.; Nakatani, Ryuji; Takeda, Mitsumasa; Sano, Yusuke; Hisada, Harunobu; Kusunoki, Hiroshi

doi:10.5686/jjzwm.15.49

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), optimal mating was observed to be within a day of serum estrogen peak, whereas in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata), optimal mating was observed to be within a day before after serum estrogen peaks (Parkin Hendrickx, 1975). In previous studies on the orangutan, successful mating was carried out 3 days before urinary estradiol-17β peak (Aramaki et al, 2010). Our mating guideline recommended mating between -3 days to 3 days after the urinary E1g peak.…”

Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Tests used in one species may not be extrapolated to another (Shimizu et al, 2003). W hile research has previously described normal cycling pregnancy monitoring in the Bornean orangutan using urinary hormones (Aramaki et al, 2010), no specific guidelines on hormonal cycle tracking and appropriate mating periods have been published so far. In this research, E1g in urinary samples from two Bornean orangutans housed at the Taipei Zoo were analyzed, determining the optimal mating timing for a successful pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Proposed Mating Guideline for Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) using Urinary Hormonal Tracking Methods

Tseng

Chang

et al. 2020

IJAR

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Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) are a critically endangered species. Proper monitoring of the menstrual cycle is important in breeding programs. Hormonal cycle tracking was performed in this study by collecting female urine. Metabolites of estrogen (estrone glucuronide, E1g) progesterone (P4) were measured using enzyme immunoassay. E1g tracking was carried out for 8 animal-months during normal cycling to obtain an average hormonal profile. P4 was tracked throughout normal cycling to obtain a baseline and over 1 successful pregnancy to obtain a reference for pregnancy monitoring and parturition anticipation. This study concludes that this non-invasive hormonal cycle monitoring using urine is an acceptable method. A recommended mating guideline of introducing the male after an estrogen increase of 1.5 times the baseline is proposed based on the results. This minimizes coerced mating and increases chances of pregnancy, which would benefit animal welfare and greatly assist in the conservation of the species.

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Section: General Findingsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Mating Guideline for Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) using Urinary Hormonal Tracking Methods

Tseng

Chang

et al. 2020

IJAR

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“…Once the parameters of each cycle were ascertained, we identified evidence of the transition from the follicular to luteal phase by visually examining graphs of E 1 C and PdG levels across individual cycles. Past studies on great apes have shown that an estradiol surge in the late follicular phase precedes the release of the ovum and a sustained rise in estrogen and progesterone levels indicates the beginning of the luteal phase (Aramaki et al, 2010; Collins et al, 1975; Czekala, Shideler, et al, 1988; Shimizu et al, 2003). In theory, the timing of ovulation can be estimated as the date between the estrogen and progesterone peaks, and the periovulatory period can be defined as ±6 days from ovulation (Stumpf et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A composite menstrual cycle of captive orangutans, with associated hormonal and behavioral variability

Durgavich

Harwell

Knott

2022

American J Primatol

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Knowledge of species‐typical reproductive endocrinology profiles is crucial for testing hypotheses pertaining to the evolutionary history, reproductive parameters, and life history of a species, and for managing the well‐being of individual animals in human care. Large‐scale empirical measurements of ovarian hormones, however, are rare for most primate species, including orangutans. In this study, we used enzyme immunoassays (EIA) to quantify estrogen (estrone conjugates; E1C) and progesterone (pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide; PdG) levels for 98 cycles in 7 cycling zoo‐housed female orangutans (10–43 years old). We use a subset of these cycles (N = 44) to create the first composite menstrual cycle for orangutans, which serves as a valuable baseline for future comparative analyses and veterinary considerations. Similar to previous studies, we determined the mean ovarian cycle length of orangutans to be 29.7 days (N = 98 cycles), although we illustrate evidence of both intra‐ and interindividual variation in ovarian steroid production. Given that this study took place in captivity, we consider how energetic and psychosocial aspects of the zoo environment, such as greater food availability and potential stress, may affect the reproductive physiology and sexual behavior of these females. Furthermore, we discuss the role that age and genetic background may play in producing variability. Finally, we test whether ovarian hormone levels correlate with the reproductive behaviors of these female orangutans using associated behavioral data. Our results suggest that matings are more common during the periovulatory period than outside of it, but do not support a consistent link between hormonal indices of fecundability and mating behaviors in these individuals.

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“…Immediately after collection, each urine sample was stored at )35°C for further analysis. Urinary steroid hormones were analyzed by EIA and the creatinine concentrations were measured using a modified-Jaffe's reaction according to the methods described elsewhere [1,11]. Concentrations of the hormones were calculated as ng/mg creatinine (Crmg).…”

Section: Hormone Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial breeding requires understanding the animal’s reproductive endocrinology, including the status of the individual’s reproductive hormones. Measurements of reproductive hormones in urine or feces have been reported for some hominids, such as gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla ) [6–9, 12, 14, 18, 26, 28], chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) [18, 20, 21, 23, 25–27], bonobo ( Pan paniscus ) [13, 25], and orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) [1, 5, 6, 15, 16, 25]. However, few studies have focused on reproductive hormones in the family Hylobatidae [2, 22], although the necessity for such studies was recognized in the animals of belonging to this family [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary estrogens, progesterone, and LH changes during normal menstrual cycles of a captive female pileated gibbon (Hylobates pileatus)

Aramaki

Oae²,

Mouri³

et al. 2010

J of Medical Primatology

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Two Successful Breeding Events Timed by Monitoring Urinary Steroid Hormones in Captive Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

A Proposed Mating Guideline for Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) using Urinary Hormonal Tracking Methods

A Proposed Mating Guideline for Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) using Urinary Hormonal Tracking Methods

A composite menstrual cycle of captive orangutans, with associated hormonal and behavioral variability

Urinary estrogens, progesterone, and LH changes during normal menstrual cycles of a captive female pileated gibbon (Hylobates pileatus)

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