Two-step heating synthesis of sub-3 millimeter-sized orthorhombic black phosphorus single crystal by chemical vapor transport reaction method

Zhang, Ziming; Xin, Xin; Yan, Qingfeng; Li, Qiang; Yang, Yi; Ren, Tian‐Ling

doi:10.1007/s40843-016-0122-1

Cited by 72 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The method can produce BP crystals with sizes of several millimeters (Figure c) and high purity (>99.9%), offering ability for large‐amount and scale‐up synthesis. Recently, it was reported that Sn and I 2 can also be used as mineralization additives, further simplifying the preparation process . Notably, by carefully controlling the temperature profile, centimeter‐scale BP microribbons, with a thickness of ≈30 µm, can be obtained in a high yield of 97%, which is particularly useful for the preparation of large‐sized 2D BP .…”

Section: Cvt Based Synthesis Of Black Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions for Synthesizing Layered Materials and Their 2D Counterparts

Wang

Luo

Lü

et al. 2019

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semimetals (Si and Ge) to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which can be tuned from semiconductors to superconductors, have been intensively investigated. [8] Despite the recent advances in 2D materials, it is still challenging to obtain 2D materials with desired layers and size in facile and controllable manners.Indeed, continuous research has been carried out on the synthesis of 2D materials. [9] Generally, two synthetic strategies, known as top-down and bottom-up, are applied to obtain 2D materials. In the common top-down strategy, 2D materials are exfoliated from their bulk counterparts. Differently, using the bottom-up strategy, 2D materials with a few thin layers, even an atomically thin layer, can be directly synthesized from small building blocks such as molecules and atoms. [10] In these synthetic strategies for 2D materials, chemical vapor transport (CVT) reaction, an old yet powerful technology, plays an important role because CVT reactions can be used for both topdown and bottom-up syntheses of 2D materials. [11] CVT reactions represent a category of reactions with one common feature: a condensed phase, typically a solid, sublimes in the presence of a gaseous reactant (the mineralizer), and then deposits elsewhere usually in the form of crystals. [12] Notably, CVT is different from chemical vapor deposition (CVD), another chemical vapor-based approach for synthesizing 2D materials. Specifically, the main difference between CVT and CVD lies in the source materials for synthesizing products, where solid reactants are typically used in CVT and gaseous precursors are usually applied in CVD. The difference induces consequent differences in reactor design, operational control, and product features, thus bringing strengths and drawbacks for each approach. Since the discovery of CVT reaction by Bunsen in 1851, comprehensive understanding of CVT reactions in both experimental exploration and theoretical modeling has been established. [13] Furthermore, thousands of CVT reactions have been applied till now, producing a great variety of pure and crystalline solids, including metals, metalloids, intermetallic phases, metal oxides, halides, chalcogen halides, chalcogenides, and pnictides. [13,14] The knowledge about CVT reactions, together with the large number of applicable reactions, can offer opportunities for the controllable synthesis of 2D materials and the exploration of new 2D materials. Unfortunately, for the preparation of 2D materials, in stark contrast to the wide application of CVD, 2D materials, namely thin layers of layered materials, are attracting much attention because of their unique electronic, optical, thermal, and catalytic properties for wide applications. To advance both the fundamental studies and further practical applications, the scalable and controlled synthesis of large-sized 2D materials is desired, while there still lacks ideal approaches. Alternatively, the chemical vapor transport reaction is an old but powerful technique, and is recently adopted for synthesizing 2D material...

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Section: Cvt Based Synthesis Of Black Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions for Synthesizing Layered Materials and Their 2D Counterparts

Wang

Luo

Lü

et al. 2019

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“…However, only α-phosphorene has been successfully synthesized [2,21,[44][45][46] despite the fact that β-As1−xPx has lower energy than α phase according to simulations [31,42]. So, we only explored the atomic structure of α-Sb1−xPx monolayer in the composition 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.…”

Section: Antimonide Phosphorene Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A promising two-dimensional channel material: monolayer antimonide phosphorus

et al. 2016

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“…As shown in the Figure , the composite material showed slow weight loss before 380 °C. According to the literature, the weight loss temperature of black phosphorus should be around 380 °C. Therefore, the weight loss of this section is considered to be the weight loss caused by the adsorption of water and porous carbon in the material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Phosphorus/Hollow Porous Carbon for High Rate Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery

Zhou

Jia

et al. 2020

ChemElectroChem

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Black phosphorus (BP) has received wide attention due to its high theoretical capacity (2596 mAh g−1) and good electron mobility, but its cyclic stability is poor. Meanwhile, it can be complementary to carbon material, which has low theoretical capacity but good cycle stability. In this work, we use solvothermal reaction to modify hard carbon materials with black phosphorous (BP). When used as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the composite will show a higher specific capacity, cyclic stability and rate performance. It shows a high reversible capacity of 350 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1 current density. But for pure carbon, it only shows a general reversible capacity of 180 mAh g−1. Here, the lower content of black phosphorous and the use of hard carbon materials make the material more economically advantageous. And it can be used as an ideal material for cycling at high currents in the future.

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Two-step heating synthesis of sub-3 millimeter-sized orthorhombic black phosphorus single crystal by chemical vapor transport reaction method

Cited by 72 publications

References 62 publications

Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions for Synthesizing Layered Materials and Their 2D Counterparts

Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions for Synthesizing Layered Materials and Their 2D Counterparts

A promising two-dimensional channel material: monolayer antimonide phosphorus

Black Phosphorus/Hollow Porous Carbon for High Rate Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery

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