Two-step hard X-ray focusing combining Fresnel zone plate and single-bounce ellipsoidal capillary

Abstract

A two-step focusing set-up combining a Fresnel zone plate with an ellipsoidal capillary is presented. It is shown that, in addition to the anticipated gain in flux, the employment of the prefocusing micro-optic makes optimal use of the elliptical shape of the capillary by almost eliminating aberrations. A small cross section of the prefocused beam allows a tiny fraction of the capillary surface to be selected, thus reducing the influence of slope errors. An X-ray beam with a 15 keV energy was focused down to a spot size as small as 250 nm, demonstrating the best value that has been achieved up to now for single-bounce capillaries. The use of an ellipsoidal capillary as a micromirror under off-axis illumination by microfocusing optics may open up new opportunities in nanofocusing developments.

Effect of Coupling Chain Length on the Electro –Optic Properties of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers Adding BaTiO3 Nanoparticles

“…6. Through our study, it is found that the phase behavior of polymers (6,5,4) shows nematic and smectic phases either of polymers (3, 2) we observed only nematic phase.…”

“…These additional factors are related to the constraints on the alignment of the mesogenic units arising from the relatively close coupling to the polymer chain . 4. The relationship between (on) and the space length is a positive relationship and this is what achieves relationship Fox on  Mw,( on turn on times,  viscosity, Mw molecular weight ).…”

“…For this cause, these phases are revealed to liquid crystalline phase, and the materials which from them a change in phase are often mentioned to thermo tropic liquid crystal and a more proper name is transitional phases, where there are two distinct types of behavior in liquid crystals, lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystal [2].In order to distinguish the nature of liquid crystals, one should recall the structure crystal, here the middles of masses related long range order, subsequently the x-ray diffraction shapes are showing sharp Bragg reflection . Because of their vastly ordered and monotonous structure, crystals give diffraction patterns of sharp Bragg reflection, and are perfect for analyzing the structure of solids [3,4]. The crystal have long range directive in three dimensions as well as to orientational order while in the liquid crystalline phase the at slightest one of these dimensions is removed with present short orientational order between the molecules.…”

Capillary μFocus X-ray lenses with parabolic and elliptic profile

“…In addition, new experiments have shown that a quasi-parallel beam can also be successfully focused with an elliptically shaped capillary to a focal spot size of 1.8 mm. A focal spot diameter can be as small as 250 nm when the same capillary optic is combined with a Fresnel zone plate [11].…”

Preparation and Structural Properties of ZnAl<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinel Oxide

“…Diffraction method, especially X-ray diffraction, is widely used in materials science [7]- [13]. The X-ray or neutron diffraction is used to identify the patterns which are present in a particular material, and thus which compounds are present [14] [15].…”