Two-Stage SQUID Amplifier for the Frequency Multiplexed Readout of the X-IFU X-Ray Camera

Kiviranta, Mikko; Grönberg, Leif; Puranen, Tuomas; Kuur, J. van der; Beev, Nikolai; Salonen, Jaakko; Hazra, Dibyendu; Korpela, Seppo A.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2021.3060356

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The amplification of the signal generated by the TES relies on SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices), split in two stages and referred to as MUX SQUIDs (also called SQ1) for the first stage, and as the AMP SQUIDs (sometimes named SSA for SQUID Series Array) for the second one [32,33] respectively. SQUIDs are extremely sensitive magnetometers, operating at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: The Cold Front End Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

et al. 2023

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The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship

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Section: The Cold Front End Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

et al. 2023

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“…The SQUIDs-based amplifier is the most important component to read out a large number of TESs. We are using two-stage SQUID amplifiers, developed at VTT and which consist of 6 loops first stage and 184 × 4 loops 2nd stage SQUIDs 12,13 . Together with a SRON-developed low noise amplifier (LNA) 14 , the typical readout current noise, referred to the SQUID input, is ∼ 5 pA/ √ Hz 15 , which is much lower than the typical TES noise (∼30-50 pA/ √ Hz).…”

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confidence: 99%