Two-stage marine anoxia and biotic response during the Permian–Triassic transition in Kashmir, northern India: pyrite framboid evidence

Huang, Yuangeng; Chen, Zhong‐Qiang; Algeo, Thomas J.; Zhao, Laishi; Baud, Aymon; Bhat, G. M.; Zhang, Lei; Guo, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.10.002

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…and Merrillina sp., as in the topmost Zewan at Guryul (Shen et al, 2006;Brookfield and Sun, 2015). Data for Nammal (Salt Range) from Pakistani-Japanese Research Group (1985), Wignall and Hallam (1993), Hermann et al (2011); for Guryul, this paper, isotopes from Korte and Kozur (2010); for Barus, from Nakazawa et al (1975), Huang et al (2019) thin quartz silt/pyrite/kerogen-rich laminae. At Nammal, the Katwai Member consists of a fining upwards 3 m thick calcareous sandstone unit that begins with a thin impersistent tabular cross-bedded grainstone with possibly reworked Permian brachiopods and mudcracks.…”

Section: Barus Salt Range Spiti and Southern Tibetmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The section (Figure 3) was a candidate for the GSSP for the Permo-Triassic boundary (Yin et al, 2001). Anoxia, as determined by populations of small pyrite framboids, first appears at 1 m above the base (Wignall et al, 2005), with maxima at +2 and +4.3 m corresponding with low species numbers and with an oxic horizon between (Huang et al, 2019). Anoxia, as determined by populations of small pyrite framboids, first appears at 1 m above the base (Wignall et al, 2005), with maxima at +2 and +4.3 m corresponding with low species numbers and with an oxic horizon between (Huang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Guryul Ravine Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There may have been significant erosion associated with these bioclastic lenses. The equivalent of unit E1 at Barus and Mandakhpal is 6 m thick compared with 2 m at Guryul, and has no bioclastic limestone beds (Nakazawa et al, 1975;Nye et al, 2016;Huang et al, 2019). The equivalent of unit E1 at Barus and Mandakhpal is 6 m thick compared with 2 m at Guryul, and has no bioclastic limestone beds (Nakazawa et al, 1975;Nye et al, 2016;Huang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Guryul Ravine Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fossil defining the base of the Triassic, Hindeodus parvus, first appears at +2.0 m, at the base of unit E2 of the Khunamuh Formation, co-incident with the first appearance of the earliest Triassic ammonoid, Otoceras woodwardii Griesbach (from current knowledge-conodont studies are in progress on the bioclastic limestones of the Zewan-Khunamuh transition). Anoxia, as determined by populations of small pyrite framboids, first appears at 1 m above the base (Wignall et al, 2005), with maxima at +2 and +4.3 m corresponding with low species numbers and with an oxic horizon between (Huang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Guryul Ravine Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other sections, like Shangsi (South China), East Greenland, and Kashmir (India), the change of rock type and the biostratigraphic boundary are separated by thicker sediments, which allow distinct events to be better separated than at Meishan (Nakazawa et al, 1975;Wignall et al, 1995;Stemmerik et al, 2001;Wignall and Twitchett, 2002). The palaeontology, stratigraphy, and some isotopic characteristics of the Kashmir sections are reasonably wellknown (Nakazawa et al, 1975;Brookfield et al, 2003Brookfield et al, , 2013Wignall et al, 2005;Brookfield and Sun, 2015;Tewari et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2019). Geochemical studies across the boundary in Kashmir are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palaeoenvironments and elemental geochemistry across the marine Permo‐Triassic boundary section, Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India) and a comparison with other North Indian passive margin sections

Brookfield

Stebbins

Williams

et al. 2019

The Depositional Record

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The Guryul Permian-Triassic sediments were deposited on a passive margin in a partially enclosed basin, at a latitude of about 45°S along the southern margin of the Neotethys Ocean. The closest modern analogy is the Japan Sea rotated into a southern hemisphere orientation. Guryul element variations are subdued, mostly lithological, and take place across the change from the dominantly sandy shallow-water Permian Zewan Formation into the dominantly shaly deeper-water latest Permian-Triassic Khunamuh Formation, and not at the palaeontological Permian-Triassic boundary.The overall geochemistry of the Guryul sediments is very similar to that of the Ulleung Basin in the Japan Sea, where the sediments are 40%-60% eolian from loess and redeposited loess in the North China Basin. The overall Guryul geochemistry indicates that the sediments were derived from dominantly silica-rich continental rather than silica-poor sources although with some more silica-poor inputs at times. Element ratios suggest increasing aridity and wind abrasion across the Permian-Triassic boundary. Various geochemical redox proxies suggest mainly oxic depositional conditions, with episodes of anoxia, but with little systematic variation across the extinction boundary. Productivity proxies suggest a slight decrease across the Permian-Triassic boundary, and at least one more decreased interval in the Early Triassic. The similar geochemistry of other localities indicate that the Guryul geochemical changes are regional in extent and representative of the North Indian Permian-Triassic passive margin. The lack of consistent element geochemical changes across the boundary accompanied by significant C, S, and other isotopic changes suggests that atmospheric and oceanic chemistry rather than physical changes, such as provenance, climate and sea-level changes, drove the Permian-Triassic environmental changes and extinctions at least on the mid-latitude Tethyan shelf of northern India. K E Y W O R D S Extinction, geochemistry, Kashmir, Permian-Triassic 76 | BROOKFIELD Et aL. F I G U R E 1 Late Permian palaeogeography (courtesy of Chris Scotese): Early Triassic "dead zone" from Sun et al. (2012); Winds from Kiehl and Shields (2005). Locations of cited Permo-Triassic boundary section in open circles with names in bold face 78 | BROOKFIELD Et aL. F I G U R E 8 Biostratigraphy of the Guryul Permian-Triassic boundary section showing stratigraphic range of fossils and number of species in each subdivision (data from Nakazawa et al., 1975). Bryo -bryozoans. Gastr -gastropods. Note that there is little extinction at the Zewan-Khunamuh Formation boundary and the main extinction (and new species appearance) is at the FAD of Hindeodus parvus, and the first inferred anoxic level marked by pyrite framboids.

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Section: Barus Salt Range Spiti and Southern Tibetmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Guryul Ravine Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Guryul Ravine Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Guryul Ravine Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palaeoenvironments and elemental geochemistry across the marine Permo‐Triassic boundary section, Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India) and a comparison with other North Indian passive margin sections

Brookfield

Stebbins

Williams

et al. 2019

The Depositional Record

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Geological  treasure of Guryul ravine section in Kashmir Himalaya - a case report 

Shah¹,

Farooq²,

Meraj³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Globally researchers have unraveled unique locations that helped to understand the chronology of the critical events concerning the Earth's past. Among such geological events, the time-shot of the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) extinction event is one of the significant revelations concerning the end and start of life on Earth. Among various geological sites in the world that contain the critical information regarding the P-Tr extinction event, Guryul ravine in Kashmir India is geologically a treasure. It bears specimens of primordial corals, small invertebrates, plants, and a group of mammal resembling reptiles, called therapsids. Due to its immense importance, the Government of India had decided to accredit the site of Guryul ravine section as an international fossil park. However, due to political turmoil in the region and unabated mining and industrial activities within the vicinity of it, has threatened the very existence of this scientific wealth. This paper reviews the importance of the Guryul Ravine Section, paleoclimatic conditions of that time, and the current threats it is facing to stimulate the stakeholders for the conservation of this site in the global scientific interest.

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Preservation of Permian–Triassic boundary section in the Jurassic accretionary complex of the Lake Hamana, Central Japan

2020

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We examined the lithostratigraphy and deformation structures of the accreted pelagic rocks in Lake Hamana area, Central Japan, based on a detailed field mapping and the radiolarian ages. The constructed lithostratigraphy is composed of Lopingian (Upper Permian) grey chert, black chert, black claystone with a high carbon content of 4.85-6.78 wt%, siliceous claystone, black chert, and Anisian (Middle Triassic) grey chert, in the ascending order. The symmetry in the lithostratigraphy and the change in the radiolarian ages with respect to black carbonaceous claystone are presumed to represent a deep-sea anoxic event that occurred across the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) boundary. The P-Tr boundary black carbonaceous claystone suffered from an intense shear, resulting in blocks of siliceous claystone in the scaly black claystone matrix. In places, the sheared terrigenous rocks composed of sandstone blocks in the mudstone matrix are intercalated into the pelagic rocks, possibly representing complex mélange forming processes during the development of the Jurassic accretionary complex.

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Two-stage marine anoxia and biotic response during the Permian–Triassic transition in Kashmir, northern India: pyrite framboid evidence

Cited by 75 publications

References 80 publications

Palaeoenvironments and elemental geochemistry across the marine Permo‐Triassic boundary section, Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India) and a comparison with other North Indian passive margin sections

Palaeoenvironments and elemental geochemistry across the marine Permo‐Triassic boundary section, Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India) and a comparison with other North Indian passive margin sections

Geological  treasure of Guryul ravine section in Kashmir Himalaya - a case report

Preservation of Permian–Triassic boundary section in the Jurassic accretionary complex of the Lake Hamana, Central Japan

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Two-stage marine anoxia and biotic response during the Permian–Triassic transition in Kashmir, northern India: pyrite framboid evidence

Cited by 75 publications

References 80 publications

Palaeoenvironments and elemental geochemistry across the marine Permo‐Triassic boundary section, Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India) and a comparison with other North Indian passive margin sections

Palaeoenvironments and elemental geochemistry across the marine Permo‐Triassic boundary section, Guryul Ravine (Kashmir, India) and a comparison with other North Indian passive margin sections

Geological&nbsp; treasure of Guryul ravine section in Kashmir Himalaya - a case report&nbsp;

Preservation of Permian–Triassic boundary section in the Jurassic accretionary complex of the Lake Hamana, Central Japan

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Geological treasure of Guryul ravine section in Kashmir Himalaya - a case report