Two‐species asymmetric competition: effects of age structure on intra‐ and interspecific interactions

Cameron, Tom C.; Wearing, Helen J.; Rohani, Pejman; Sait, Steven M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01185.x

Cited by 56 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…These studies have therefore largely overlooked changes a plant may experience when it Bars with different letters indicate significant differences in lnRR in response to DAP within neighbor species using Tukey HSD tests (P \ 0.05). Asterisks indicate significant differences between N treatments determined by Tukey HSD tests (P \ 0.05), with comparisons made only between same target species and same neighbor species at a particular DAP (Connell 1983;Schoener 1983;Cameron et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants pass through different physiological stages as their development progresses and competition occurs not only within species, but also within and between stages of different species (Connell 1983;Schoener 1983;Cameron et al 2007). Germination, emergence and initial root and shoot development may be particularly sensitive to competition (Foster andGross 1997, 1998;Foster 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra and interspecific competition among invasive and native species during early stages of plant growth

et al. 2011

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Plant competition is a primary ecological process limiting grassland restoration success. Appropriate restoration techniques require an understanding of the degree to which intra and interspecific competition control invasive and native plant growth. The objective of this study was to determine how the intensity of intra and interspecific competition changes during early stages of plant growth. Two invasive (Bromus tectorum and Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and two native (Pseudoroegneria spicata and Poa secunda) species were grown in a diallel competition experiment, either alone or in 1:1 binary combinations and exposed to two levels of N (no N or 400 mg N kg -1 soil added) in a greenhouse. Total biomass for each species was quantified over four harvests and competitive effects were calculated. Our results show that the relative magnitude of intra and interspecific competition changes through time. Intraspecific competition was intense for native species at the initial harvests and therefore important in contributing to the outcome of final size of native species seedlings. Interestingly, bluebunch wheatgrass imposed interspecific competition on annual grasses at the first two harvests and appeared to be a better competitor than Sandberg's bluegrass. We found that fast growing invasive species became more competitive compared to slow growing native species with increasing N and appear to establish a positive feedback mechanism between size and resource uptake. Opportunities to improve restoration success exist from determining the optimum combination of density, species proportion, and their spatial arrangement in various ecosystems and environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra and interspecific competition among invasive and native species during early stages of plant growth

et al. 2011

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“…The importance or intensity of intra- vs. interspecific competition may differ with the stage of the life cycle (e.g., Young and Mangold, 2008; Mangla et al, 2011b), since individual plants go through various physiological stages as they develop and competition occurs within and between stages for different individuals (Connell, 1983; Cameron et al, 2007; Mangla et al, 2011b). For instance, Mangla et al (2011b) performed a range of competition experiments that tested the intensity and importance of intra- and inter-specific competition between two invasive annual grasses ( Bromus tectorum and Taeniatherum caput-medusae ), which are native to Eurasia and the Mediterranean region, and two native perennial grasses ( Pseudoroegneria spicata and Poa secunda ) that co-occur in their invasive range.…”

Section: Competitive Ability In Invasive Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource competition in plant invasions: emerging patterns and research needs

2014

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Invasions by alien plants provide a unique opportunity to examine competitive interactions among plants. While resource competition has long been regarded as a major mechanism responsible for successful invasions, given a well-known capacity for many invaders to become dominant and reduce plant diversity in the invaded communities, few studies have measured resource competition directly or have assessed its importance relative to that of other mechanisms, at different stages of an invasion process. Here, we review evidence comparing the competitive ability of invasive species vs. that of co-occurring native plants, along a range of environmental gradients, showing that many invasive species have a superior competitive ability over native species, although invasive congeners are not necessarily competitively superior over native congeners, nor are alien dominants are better competitors than native dominants. We discuss how the outcomes of competition depend on a number of factors, such as the heterogeneous distribution of resources, the stage of the invasion process, as well as phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation, which may result in increased or decreased competitive ability in both invasive and native species. Competitive advantages of invasive species over natives are often transient and only important at the early stages of an invasion process. It remains unclear how important resource competition is relative to other mechanisms (competition avoidance via phenological differences, niche differentiation in space associated with phylogenetic distance, recruitment and dispersal limitation, indirect competition, and allelopathy). Finally, we identify the conceptual and methodological issues characterizing competition studies in plant invasions, and we discuss future research needs, including examination of resource competition dynamics and the impact of global environmental change on competitive interactions between invasive and native species.

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“…Only a few studies have addressed the effects of interspecific competition on reproductive and demographic traits (e.g., Cameron et al, 2007;Gröning and Hochkirch, 2008). However, a great amount of literature about niche requirements of competing species has been published for several taxa, reporting differences in three basic axes of the species niche: (i) trophic, including differences in prey type (e.g., Labropoulou and Eleftheriou, 2005) or prey size (e.g., García and Arroyo, 2005), (ii) spatial, including differences in habitat (e.g., Hart, 2003) or micro-habitat selection (e.g., Langkilde and Shine, 2004), (iii) temporal, including daily (e.g., Holm and Edney, 1973) or seasonal differences (e.g., Schuett et al, 2005) in their activity patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal segregation allows coexistence in a hybrid zone among two Mediterranean vipers (Vipera aspis and V. latastei)

et al. 2010

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Mediterranean vipers are ecologically very similar. When in contact, they constitute an exceptional model to study the effects of competitive interactions and niche segregation mechanisms. In High Ebro, distinct methodologies (random visual encounter, road sampling and radio-tracking surveys, captive maintenance, standardized transects and ad hoc field observations) were used to compare ecological traits (diet, micro-habitat, activity, reproductive and demographic) of V. aspis, V. latastei and hybrids among both species and determine competitive advantages of each form. Diet preferences were similar but few differences were found in feeding frequency and annual variation in diet consumption. Males of the three forms compete for areas with similar characteristics but differences were found mainly during summer. Significant differences in average movement rates and home range size were found among males. Fecundity and new-borns fitness were lower in V. aspis than in V. latastei, whereas hybrids had intermediate values. Male and female adult hybrids were more abundant than parental forms, whereas female and juvenile V. latastei and juvenile hybrids had high road-mortality. The three forms seem to be competing intensely for resources but the segregation on the spatial and temporal axes of their niches could be reducing interspecific competition and allowing coexistence. The use of different resources probably confers reproductive and demographic advantages for V. latastei and hybrids, respectively. Moreover, reproductive fitness of hybrids suggests the occurrence of endogenous selection. Comparative thermal and genetic studies are needed to clarify the limiting factors of vipers and to establish a model of the hybrid zone.

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Two‐species asymmetric competition: effects of age structure on intra‐ and interspecific interactions

Cited by 56 publications

References 66 publications

Intra and interspecific competition among invasive and native species during early stages of plant growth

Intra and interspecific competition among invasive and native species during early stages of plant growth

Resource competition in plant invasions: emerging patterns and research needs

Spatial and temporal segregation allows coexistence in a hybrid zone among two Mediterranean vipers (Vipera aspis and V. latastei)

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