Two-phase two-component interface drag coefficients in separated phase flows

Prediction of pressure drop in a modified gas–liquid downflow bubble column

“…The hydrodynamics of two-phase vertical flow has been theoretically considered by Sweeney (1967), Martindale and Smith (1981) and Mandrusiak and Carey (1988) taking geometric interaction between the liquid and gas. The same concept of hydrodynamic behavior has been considered to apply in the downflow bubble column.…”

“…Recently, Couët et al (1991); Vassallo (1999) and Woerlee et al (2001) developed pressure gradient correlation for air-water system based on two-phase mechanical energy balance in vertical pipe up flow. Martindale and Smith (1981) examined the behavior of the interface friction factor or drag coefficient as a means for extending the modeling of separated two-phase flows through the separate consideration of each phase.…”

Effect of the liquid entrainment on the predicted pressure drop in vertical flow‐boiling

“…When an early transition from the chum-turbulent flow to the annular-dispersed flow regime takes place it results in a high concentration of entrained liquid droplets. This observation suggests that lower values of y calculated from the following equation may be used in the analysis .... (13) Martindale and Smith (1981) confirmed experimentally that the magnitude of the volume fraction occupied by the liquid film, in a two-phase separated flow, is in the range 0.01 < y < 0.20.…”