Two-phase refrigerant flow instability analysis and active control in transient electronics cooling systems

Zhang, Tiejun; Wen, John T.; Peles, Yoav; Cataño, Juan; Zhou, Rongliang; Jensen, Michael K.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2010.07.003

Cited by 72 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…From (30) of Appendix A, a = −s in N 2 + DSD T will be +∞, and a − f S 1 f T is therefore always positive. Our stability criterion (7) is consistent with the criterion reported in [21], which is a special case of our result.…”

Section: Stability Analysis Of Parallel Channels With Inlet Pressure mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Stability analysis and maldistribution control of two-phase flow in parallel evaporating channels

Zhang

Wen

Julius

et al. 2011

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Parallel channel heat transfer system is an attractive means to enhance heat transfer by increasing the total surface area in the heat exchanger. Uniform distribution of flow in the channels is an important operation attribute in order to avoid channel dryout and the subsequent hot spots and possible device failure. For the system operating in the single-phase regime, uniform flow distribution is a stable equilibrium. However, in the two-phase boiling regime, stable equilibrium bifurcates -the uniform distribution becomes unstable, and new stable or unstable non-uniform distributions, or maldistributions, equilibria emerge. As a result, parallel channel heat exchangers typically operate in the single phase regime to avoid such "maldistribution instability." This paper presents a stability analysis and active flow and temperature control of a parallel channel evaporator in a pumped two-phase boiling heat transfer loop. We show that for identical channels, the system is uncontrollable with the pump alone and unobservable from the overall flow rate measurement. A conventional solution involves introducing additional valve-induced pressure drop, but the drawback is a resulting higher pumping power. We present a new, somewhat surprising, result that if the channel characteristics are all distinct, the system actually becomes controllable from * Corresponding author: TieJun Zhang, Tel.: +1-518-276-2125, Fax: +1-518-276-4897, E-mail: tjzhrpi@gmail.com the pump and observable from the total loop flow rate. For non-identical parallel systems, we show a controller design approach and demonstrate its efficacy through a simulation example.

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Section: Stability Analysis Of Parallel Channels With Inlet Pressure mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The overall mass flow rate through the boiling channels isṁ = N i=1ṁ i , whereṁ i is the mass flow rate in the ith channel. Applying a momentum balance, we obtain [30] …”

Section: Stability Analysis Of Parallel Channels With Inlet Pressure mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability analysis and maldistribution control of two-phase flow in parallel evaporating channels

Zhang

Wen

Julius

et al. 2011

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…While several phase-change based cooling techniques, including microchannel flow boiling [4][5][6], spray [7][8][9], and jet-impingement [7,10,11], have been investigated to address these issues, thin film evaporation is considered one of the most promising approaches to meet future demands [12][13][14][15]. Previous studies have showed that the heat transfer performance of thin film evaporation is highly dependent on the microscale liquid film morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed evaporative transient thermometry for temporally-resolved thermal measurements

Xiao

Wang

2013

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…Zhang et al [7] developed a set of active control strategies to suppress the compressible flow boiling instabilities while also maintaining a reasonable electronic wall temperatures under transient heat load changes. They found that efficient and effective control was obtained by making use of only two actuators; a valve prior to the heated channel and a supply pump.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of on-chip micro-evaporation: Experimental evaluation of liquid pumping and vapor compression driven cooling systems and control

et al. 2012

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Two-phase refrigerant flow instability analysis and active control in transient electronics cooling systems

Cited by 72 publications

References 25 publications

Stability analysis and maldistribution control of two-phase flow in parallel evaporating channels

Stability analysis and maldistribution control of two-phase flow in parallel evaporating channels

Pulsed evaporative transient thermometry for temporally-resolved thermal measurements

A review of on-chip micro-evaporation: Experimental evaluation of liquid pumping and vapor compression driven cooling systems and control

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