Two new xanthones from the pericarp of<i>Garcinia mangostana</i>

Zhou, Xiaojun; He, Li; Wu, Xin‐Xing; Zhong, Yanxia; Zhang, Juan; Wang, Yuanxing; Wang, Bin; Xu, Zhifang; Qiu, Shaofu

doi:10.1080/14786419.2014.927873

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Previous studies have also reported the presence of various types of xanthones in different parts of G. mangostana , including the pericarp. Some of the identified xanthones derived from pericarp are mangostinone, α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, gartanin, garcinone E, 1,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3- methoxyxanthone, 1,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-methoxyxanthone [ 46 ], 8-hydroxycudraxanthone G, mangostingone, cudraxanthone G, 8-deoxygartanin, garcimangosone B, garcinone D, garcinone E, gartanin, 1-isomangostin, mangostinone, smeathxanthone A, tovophyllin A, mangostanaxanthones I, mangostanaxanthones II, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, parvifolixanthone C, rubraxanthone [ 47 ], 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-xanthone, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)-xanthone, garcinones C, garcinones D, gartanin, xanthone I [ 48 ], garcimangosxanthone F (1), garcimangosxanthone G [ 49 ], and mangostanate [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoglycaemic activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. in normoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Taher

Zakaria

Susanti

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundVarious parts of Garcinia mangostana Linn., including its pericarp, have been traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments. In an attempt to establish its medicinal value, the present study was carried out to determine the hypoglycaemic potential of G. mangostana pericarp ethanolic extract (GME) using the streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats.MethodsGME at 2,000 mg/kg was subjected to a single-dose acute toxicity test. Following this, the effect of GME (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) on blood glucose level of normoglycaemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats was determined using single-dose (acute) and multiple-dose (subacute) approaches. Subsequent to the multiple-dose study, serum biochemical analysis and liver histopathological examination were also performed. Throughout the experiments, the effect of GME was compared against the standard hypoglycaemic drug, glibenclamide.ResultsGME was safe for oral consumption up to the dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In both single- and multiple-dose studies, GME significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level in normoglycaemic rats and STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared against the normal control group or diabetic control group, respectively. Moreover, GME also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the rats’ body weight in comparison to the diabetic control group in the multiple-dose study. GME also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of certain biochemical parameters [i.e., triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), urea, and creatinine] while increased the others [i.e., high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total protein (TP)] when compared to the diabetic control group. Histopathological assessment of the collected liver revealed a mild increase in the population of β-cells in the diabetic rats.ConclusionGME exerts the hypoglycaemic activity possibly by increasing the population of insulin-producing β-cells. This activity could be attributed to the presence of antioxidant-bearing tannins like epicathecin, and xanthones like α-mangostin. Thus, the findings demonstrated that GME could be a potential candidate in the management of diabetes owing to its hypoglycaemic effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoglycaemic activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. in normoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Taher

Zakaria

Susanti

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Taro starch can be used as an industrial raw material. It could improve the stability of Pickering emulsion ( Zhang et al, 2020 ), and it could be used for the treatment of wastewater generated during printing and dyeing ( Zhou et al, 2018 ) and as an enhancer of starch film ( Dai et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on the bulb expansion and starch enrichment in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott)

Zhang

Shen

Jiang

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Taro is an important potato crop, which can be used as food, vegetable, feed, and industrial raw material. The yield and quality of taro are primarily determined by the expansion degree of taro bulb and the filling condition of starch, whereas the expansion of taro bulb is a complex biological process. However, little information is reviewed on the research progress of bulb expansion and starch enrichment in taro. Methodology PubMed, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for relevant articles. After removing duplicate articles and articles with little relevance, 73 articles were selected for review. Results This article introduces the formation and development of taro bulb for workers engaged in taro research. The content includes the process of amyloplast formation at the cytological level and changes in bulb expansion and starch enrichment at physiological levels, which involve endogenous hormones and key enzyme genes for starch synthesis. The effects of environment and cultivation methods on taro bulb expansion were also reviewed. Conclusions Future research directions and research focus about the development of taro bulb were proposed. Limited research has been conducted on the physiological mechanism and hormone regulatory pathway of taro growth and development, taro bulb expansion, key gene expression, and starch enrichment. Therefore, the abovementioned research will become the key research direction in the future.

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“…For simpler solvent partitioning, only a single solvent, e.g. ethyl acetate [ 51 ] or chloroform [ 52 ], is employed for liquid-liquid extraction with the initial alcohol fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Front or Back Door? Quantitative analysis of direct and indirect extractions of α-mangostin from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)

et al. 2018

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The pulp and pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit are popular food, beverage and health products whereby 60% of the fruit consist of the pericarp. The major metabolite in the previously neglected or less economically significant part of the fruit, the pericarp, is the prenylated xanthone α-mangostin. This highly bioactive secondary metabolite is typically isolated using solvent extraction methods that involve large volumes of halogenated solvents either via direct or indirect extraction. In this study, we compared the quantities of α-mangostin extracted using three different extraction methods based on the environmentally friendly solvents methanol and ethyl acetate. The three solvent extractions methods used were direct extractions from methanol (DM) and ethyl acetate (DEA) as well as indirect extraction of ethyl acetate obtained via solvent partitioning from an initial methanol extract (IEA). Our results showed that direct extraction afforded similar and higher quantities of α-mangostin than indirect extraction (DM: 318 mg; DEA: 305 mg; IEA: 209 mg per 5 g total dried pericarp). Therefore, we suggest that the commonly used method of indirect solvent extraction using halogenated solvents for the isolation of α-mangostin is replaced by single solvent direct extraction using the environmentally friendly solvents methanol or ethyl acetate.

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Two new xanthones from the pericarp ofGarcinia mangostana

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Hypoglycaemic activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. in normoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Hypoglycaemic activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. in normoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Research progress on the bulb expansion and starch enrichment in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott)

From the Front or Back Door? Quantitative analysis of direct and indirect extractions of α-mangostin from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)

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