Hypoglycaemic activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. in normoglycaemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

BackgroundVarious parts of Garcinia mangostana Linn., including its pericarp, have been traditionally used to treat a variety of ailments. In an attempt to establish its medicinal value, the present study was carried out to determine the hypoglycaemic potential of G. mangostana pericarp ethanolic extract (GME) using the streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats.MethodsGME at 2,000 mg/kg was subjected to a single-dose acute toxicity test. Following this, the effect of GME (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) on blood glucose level of normoglycaemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats was determined using single-dose (acute) and multiple-dose (subacute) approaches. Subsequent to the multiple-dose study, serum biochemical analysis and liver histopathological examination were also performed. Throughout the experiments, the effect of GME was compared against the standard hypoglycaemic drug, glibenclamide.ResultsGME was safe for oral consumption up to the dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In both single- and multiple-dose studies, GME significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level in normoglycaemic rats and STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared against the normal control group or diabetic control group, respectively. Moreover, GME also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the rats’ body weight in comparison to the diabetic control group in the multiple-dose study. GME also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of certain biochemical parameters [i.e., triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), urea, and creatinine] while increased the others [i.e., high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total protein (TP)] when compared to the diabetic control group. Histopathological assessment of the collected liver revealed a mild increase in the population of β-cells in the diabetic rats.ConclusionGME exerts the hypoglycaemic activity possibly by increasing the population of insulin-producing β-cells. This activity could be attributed to the presence of antioxidant-bearing tannins like epicathecin, and xanthones like α-mangostin. Thus, the findings demonstrated that GME could be a potential candidate in the management of diabetes owing to its hypoglycaemic effect.

Mangosteen Vinegar Rind from Garcinia mangostana Prevents High‐Fat Diet and Streptozotocin‐Induced Type II Diabetes Nephropathy and Apoptosis

“…Till now, growing body of evidences published about protective effect of G. mangostana (fruit, rind, and isolated xanthones) against diabetes (Loo & Huang, ; Manaharan et al., ; Ryu et al., ; Taher, Tg Zakaria, Susanti, & Zakaria, ; Watanabe et al., ). But none of them focused on fermented extract of mangosteen rind against DN.…”

“…Taher and his group found that administration of ethanolic extract of G. mangostana pericarp to normoglycaemic and STZ‐induced diabetic rats significantly ameliorated blood glucose level, lipid profile, plasma lipid and kidney function parameters, and hepatic histological alterations; possibly via increasing the number of insulin‐producing β‐cells (Taher et al., ). Tsai and team observed that α‐mangostin (from mangosteen pericarp) treatment for 11 weeks significantly reduced HFD‐induced hepatopathy through enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity, improving mitochondrial functions, and suppressing hepatocytes apoptosis (Tsai et al., ).…”

A Review on Anti-diabetic Plants

“…Thus, the findings demonstrated that the plant could be a potential candidate in the management of diabetes owing to its hypoglycemic effect. 35 …”

Review ofGarcinia mangostanaand its Xanthones in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications

“…The fruit hull of mangosteen has been used as a medicine for hundred years around the world, mostly in Southeast Asia for its therapeutic effects such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, healing of wounds and also for treatment of skin disorders such as psoriasis and eczema (Obolskiy et al, ). Modern pharmacologic studies showed that different parts of this plant as well as its constituent have many pharmacological effects such as anti‐acne (Pothitirat et al, ; Asasutjarit et al, ), anti‐tumor (Doi et al, ; Watanapokasin et al, ; Wang et al, ; Li et al, ), antiinflammatory (Bumrungpert et al, ; Cho et al, ; Syam et al, ; Liu et al, ), antidyslipidemic (Jiang et al, ), antioxidant (Chin et al, ), hypoglycemic activity (Taher et al, ), anti‐Alzheimer (Huang et al, ; Wang et al, ), myocardial protective (Devi Sampath and Vijayaraghavan, ; Sampath and Vijayaragavan, ; Buelna‐Chontal et al, ), neuroprotective (Weecharangsan et al, ; Tangpong et al, ; Phyu and Tangpong, ; Janhom and Dharmasaroja, ), anti‐asthmatic (Jang et al, ), hepatoprotective (Chin et al, ; Wang et al, ) and anti‐obesity (Liu et al, ) effects in in‐vivo and in‐vitro studies.…”