Two new species of Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 (Nematoda: Anisakidae), C. fagerholmi n. sp. and C. rudolphii F from the brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract

DNA sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and mitochondrial rrnS and cox2 genes, and analysis of polymorphisms in restriction profiles in the ITS and rrnS, were used to characterise anisakid nematodes belonging to Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 infecting the brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis (L.) in Galveston Bay, Texas and Sarasota Bay, Florida. Molecular data led to the detection of two new species: Contracaecum fagerholmi n. sp., which was also supported by clear morphological evidence, and Contracaecum rudolphii F, a new cryptic species within the Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 complex. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that C. fagerholmi and C. rudolphii F form two well-separated clusters, with C. fagerholmi being closely related to Contracaecum bioccai Mattiucci et al., 2008 and C. rudolphii F being included in the C. rudolphii complex. C. fagerholmi can be readily differentiated morphologically from all of its congeners, other than C. microcephalum (Rudolphii 1809) and the five currently recognised members of the C. rudolphii complex (C. rudolphii A, B, C, D and E). C. fagerholmi differs from C. microcephalum in the length of the spicules and the shape of the distal tip of the spicules, and from C. rudolphii (sensu lato) in the shape and size of the ventro-lateral and dorsal lips and by having interlabia which are not distally bifurcate. Further studies are needed to determine which morphological characteristics can be used to distinguish the cryptic species of the C. rudolphii complex in order to assign them with formal names. The recovery of a third species, C. bioccai, from the brown pelican confirms its occurrence in this host and extends its known geographical distribution.

Identification of Anisakis species (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in marine fish hosts from Papua New Guinea

“…Anisakis Type I or Type II larvae can be identified based on ventriculus length and the presence of a tail spine (or mucron) (Berland, 1961). More recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based tools have been widely used for characterisation of anisakid species at multiple loci, including ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (Zhu et al, 1998;D'Amelio et al, 2000;Nadler et al, 2005;Pontes et al, 2005;Abe et al, 2006;Umehara et al, 2006;Zhu et al, 2007;Umehara et al, 2008;Kijewska et al, 2009) and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit II (cox2) gene (Valentini et al, 2006;Mattiucci et al, 2009;Murphy et al, 2010;Cavallero et al, 2011;D'Amelio et al, 2011;Setyobudi et al, 2011).…”

Contracaecum multipapillatum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) en peces de aguas continentales de Guanacaste, Costa Rica e Izabal, Guatemala

“…Análisis molecular: La especie de las larvas se confirmó amplificando un segmento de 519 pb del gen mitocondrial de la Citocromo Oxidasa 2 (COX2) de acuerdo con las indicaciones del protocolo descrito por D' Amelio et al (13), utilizando los iniciadores 211F (5'-TTT TCT AGT TAT ATA GAT TGR TTY AT-3') y 210R (5'-CAC CAA CTC TTA AAA TTA TC-3'). El protocolo de amplificación fue: desnaturalización inicial a 94°C durante 3 minutos, 34 ciclos de desnaturalización (94°C durante 30 segundos), alineación (46°C durante 30 segundos) y extensión (72°C durante 90 segundos) y una extensión final a 72°C durante 7 minutos.…”

Molecular Characterization of Contracaecum Rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) From the Cormorant Phalacrocorax Carbo in Iraq

“…The identification of . al et Alqaisi the adult nematode was based on the characteristic features collected from different works (York and Maplestone, 1962;Amato et al, 2006;D'Amelio et al, 2012;Moravec and Scholz, 2016;Al-Moussawi, 2017). The diagnostic features of the anterior end (cephalic extremity of the nematode) such as the presence of labia, interlabia and interlabial bifurcation in the base were considered for identification.…”