Two new species in the lichen family Graphidaceae from India

Abstract

Graphis parvicarpa and Pallidogramme bengalense are described as new to science from India. Graphis parvicarpa is characterized by a striate excipulum, inspersed hymenium, muriform ascospores, and norstictic acid in the thallus. Pallidogramme bengalense is characterized by a striate exciple, muriform, hyaline to pale brown ascospores, inspersed hymenium and no lichen substances in the thallus.

Three new species ofGraphis(Ascomycota:Ostropales:Graphidaceae) from Mexico, with updates to taxonomic key entries for 41 species described between 2009 and 2013

“…Including the three species introduced here, no less than 41 species have been described or reinstated in the four years following publication of the key, representing an increase of 12·4% over the 330 species treated in the key. Of these, six are from North America (Lendemer 2010; Lücking et al 2011; Seavey & Seavey 2011), four from Mexico (Lumbsch et al 2011; this paper), one from Central America (Costa Rica: Lücking et al 2012), nine from South America (Peru: Rivas Plata & Lücking 2013; Brazil: Dal-Forno & Eliasaro 2010; Lumbsch et al 2011; Cáceres et al 2012), three from Europe (Neuwirth & Aptroot 2011), 16 from Asia (India: Jagadeesh Ram & Sinha 2009; Chitale et al 2011; Sharma & Khadilkar 2011; Sri Lanka: Weerakoon et al 2012; Cambodia: Nakanishi et al 2010; Moon et al 2011; South Korea: Joshi et al 2010; Moon et al 2012; China: Jia & Wei 2009; Jia 2011; Indonesia: see key entries below), one from Fiji (Lücking et al 2010), and one pantropical species (this paper: see key entries below). We expect that this trend will continue in the near future; for the Graphis scripta group alone, Lücking (2012) predicted nearly 50 missing species based on the data from the published key.…”

“…One species, Graphis parvicarpa B. O. Sharma & Khadilkar (Sharma & Khadilkar 2011), turned out to belong in the genus Pallidogramme . The apical carbonization, as shown in the excellent illustrations in the protologue, is not part of the excipulum but of the epithecium.…”

“…For example, 115 species have been reported from Costa Rica, a country much smaller than Mexico (Lücking et al 2008). In the present paper, we describe three new species from tropical rain and dry forest, and provide updates to the world key (Lücking et al 2009 b ) for these and an additional 38 species described between 2009 and 2013 (Jagadeesh Ram & Sinha 2009; Jia & Wei 2009; Dal-Forno & Eliasaro 2010; Joshi et al 2010; Lendemer 2010; Lücking et al 2010, 2011, 2012; Nakanishi et al 2010; Chitale et al 2011; Jia 2011; Lumbsch et al 2011; Moon et al 2011, 2012; Neuwirth & Aptroot 2011; Seavey & Seavey 2011; Sharma & Khadilkar 2011; Cáceres et al 2012; Weerakoon et al 2012; Rivas Plata & Lücking 2013).…”

New distributional records of Pallidogramme (lichenized ascomycota) from India with updated world key

“…Remarks: Earlier, P . bengalensis was reported to occur in West Bengal hills (Sharma and Khadilkar 2011). Now, the known distribution of the species within India is expanded to the Eastern region, being reported from the Dima Hasao district of Assam and Ukhrul district of Manipur.…”

New combinations in the familyGraphidaceae(lichenized Ascomycota:Ostropales) from India

“…Examination of the type material of Phaeographina awasthii , from LWG-LWU, revealed that it belongs to the genus Pallidogramme. In morphology, it closely resembles Pallidogramme bengalense B. O. Sharma & Khadilkar which has smaller, 50–80×12–20 µm ascospores (Sharma & Khadilkar 2011). It also resembles P. chlorocarpoides (Nyl.)…”