Two new motile phototrophic consortia: "Chlorochromatium lunatum" and "Pelochromatium selenoides"

2,3,4-Trimethyl aryl isoprenoid (AIP) hydrocarbons as well as their 2,3,6 homologues were found in most Paleocene crude oils from the Jianghan Basin, China. We interpret their concurrence as evidence for the presence of both purple sulfur bacteria (PSB, family of Chromatiaceae) and green sulfur bacteria (GSB, family of Chlorobiaceae) in the water body during deposition. The GSB and PSB contributions are also evidenced by the presence of the monoaromatic carotenoid derivatives chlorobactane and okenane as well as C 40 diaromatic carotenoid derivatives, including isorenieratane and renierapurpurane. The presence of related biomarkers of gammacerane, phytane and methyl trimethyltridecyl chromans (MTTCs) in the oil samples implies that these prolific photosynthetic sulfur bacteria grew in a mesosaline condition, which is consistent with their niches above and below the oxic−anoxic chemocline in a stratified water column. Thus, the general presence of 2,3,6-AIPs, chlorobactane, and isorenieratane sourced from GSB is consistent with sulfidic (euxinic) conditions in the photic zone of the water column, while their concurrence with 2,3,4-AIPs and okenane further indicates a permanent stratified water column with sulfidic (euxinic) conditions. In such a paleowater-column redox state with ideal growing conditions for the photosynthetic bacteria, PSB likely lived beneath the GSB layer and/or co-existed in the same layer with a symbiotic relationship and/or even as a "Chlorochromatium" aggregate with an endosymbiont relationship. This ecosystem model helps further explain the concurrence of similar amounts of 2,3,6-and 2,3,4-AIPs in the Jianghan Basin oils.

show abstract

“…35,43,44 All of these scenarios help to explain the concurrence of 2,3,6-and 2,3,4-AIPs with similar amounts in the Jianghan oil samples.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 85%

2,3,6-/2,3,4-Aryl Isoprenoids in Paleocene Crude Oils from Chinese Jianghan Basin: Constrained by Water Column Stratification

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cook et al (8) described the sequential deposition of Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis onto saliva-coated glass surfaces; after 2 h, this accretive biofilm consisted of obconical porphyromonad microcolonies anchored to a confluent streptococcal monolayer. Most bacterial consortia whose microanatomies have been described were recovered from environments unrelated to the oral cavity (1,30,34,39,48,54), and therefore they might be expected to differ substantially from our plaque model. Nonetheless, these divergent biofilms share numerous structural features.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Arrangements and Associative Behavior of Species in an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model

Guggenheim

Shapiro

Gmür

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spatial arrangements and associative behavior of Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Streptococcus oralis strains in an in vitro model of supragingival plaque were determined. Using species-specific fluorescence-labeled antibodies in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy, the volumes and distribution of the five strains were assessed during biofilm formation. The volume-derived cell numbers of each strain correlated well with respective culture data. Between 15 min and 64 h, populations of each strain increased in a manner reminiscent of batch growth. The microcolony morphologies of all members of the consortium and their distributions within the biofilm were characterized, as were interspecies associations. Biofilms formed 15 min after inoculation consisted principally of single nonaggregated cells. All five strains adhered strongly to the saliva-conditioned substratum, and therefore, coadhesion played no role during the initial phase of biofilm formation. This observation does not reflect the results of in vitro coaggregation of the five strains, which depended upon the nature of the suspension medium. While the possibility cannot be excluded that some interspecies associations observed at later stages of biofilm formation were initiated by coadhesion, increase in bacterial numbers appeared to be largely a growth phenomenon regulated by the prevailing cultivation conditions.Polyspecies microbial consortia typically consist of cells and microcolonies embedded in exopolymer matrices perforated with channels through which contact with the milieu extérieur is maintained (50). Dental plaque is a clinically relevant example of such a consortium which mediates oral diseases of microbial etiology. The resistance or resilience of biofilms to antimicrobial agents appears to be related to their distinctive architectures (12,17,45), in which case an understanding of the fine structure of oral biofilms may lead to new or improved strategies for plaque control.Efforts have been directed towards defining the temporal development and spatial organization of an in vitro model of supragingival plaque whose responses to various antimicrobial agents and proprietary oral hygiene products (15) mimic clinical observations. At the same time, information was sought on the importance of intraspecies aggregation, interspecies coaggregation, and coadhesion on surface attachment during the initial stages of biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental design. Biofilms containing Actinomyces naeslundii OMZ 745, Veillonella dispar ATCC 17748 T (OMZ 493), Fusobacterium nucleatum KP-F2 (OMZ 596), Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ 176, and Streptococcus oralis SK248 (OMZ 607) were formed on hydroxyapatite disks as previously described (15). Three independent trials were run, in each of which six or seven biofilms were recovered per time point (Fig. 1). At every time point in each trial, three disks were dip-washed to remove loosely adherent cells and vortexed, and ...

show abstract

“…A fourth type of motile consortia, ‘ Pelochromatium roseo‐viride ’, carries an inner layer of brown‐colored cells and an outer one consisting of green bacteria. Two additional types of motile phototrophic consortia have been described in which epibionts are halfmoon‐shaped and either green ‘ Chlorochromatium lunatum ’ or brown ‘ Pelochromatium selenoides ’[52]. Finally, two non‐flagellated types of consortia with a different arrangement are known, namely ‘ Chloroplana vacuolata ’ and ‘ Cylindrogloea bacterifera ’.…”

Section: Phototrophic Consortiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial interactions involving sulfur bacteria: implications for the ecology and evolution of bacterial communities

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A major goal of microbial ecology is the identification and characterization of those microorganisms which govern transformations in natural ecosystems. This review summarizes our present knowledge of microbial interactions in the natural sulfur cycle. Central to the discussion is the recent progress made in understanding the co-occurrence in natural ecosystems of sulfur bacteria with contrasting nutritional requirements and of the spatially very close associations of bacteria, the so-called phototrophic consortia (e.g. 'Chlorochromatium aggregatum' or 'Pelochromatium roseum'). In a similar way, microbial interactions may also be significant during microbial transformations other than the sulfur cycle in natural ecosystems, and could also explain the low culturability of bacteria from natural samples.

show abstract

Two new motile phototrophic consortia: "Chlorochromatium lunatum" and "Pelochromatium selenoides"

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

2,3,6-/2,3,4-Aryl Isoprenoids in Paleocene Crude Oils from Chinese Jianghan Basin: Constrained by Water Column Stratification

2,3,6-/2,3,4-Aryl Isoprenoids in Paleocene Crude Oils from Chinese Jianghan Basin: Constrained by Water Column Stratification

Spatial Arrangements and Associative Behavior of Species in an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model

Microbial interactions involving sulfur bacteria: implications for the ecology and evolution of bacterial communities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About