Two nephelometric methods compared with a radial immunodiffusion method for the measurement of IgG, IgA and IgM

Blanchard, G. C.; Gardner, Rosalie E.

doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(80)91253-9

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…IgA. and IgM levels in sera and in concentrated dialysates were measured by nephelometry [16]. The peritoneal mass transfer (D • V/T; mass/h) and clearance (D/P-V/T; ml/min) of all solutes were calculated as described previously [10,11], where Pand D are serum and dialysate concentrations of solute, and V and T are intraperitoneal dialysate volumes and dwell time intervals, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Peritoneal Loss of Albumin in the Hypoalbuminemia of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Relationship to Peritoneal Transport of Solutes

Kagan

Bar-Khayim²

1995

Nephron

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The effects of peritoneal albumin loss and the consequences of heterogeneous peritoneal solute transport on serum albumin levels were investigated in 25 adult patients on standard continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (0-58 months). The patients were divided into three groups according to their albumin concentrations (g/l/1.73 m²) in 8-hour overnight effluents: group 1 ( < 0.6, n = 5), group 2 (0.6- 1.1; n = 14), and group 3 ( > l.l; n = 6). Significant differences (mean ± SD) were observed in serum albumin levels (4.4 ± 0.2, 3.7 ± 0.3, and 3.1 ± 0.5 g/dl, respectively) and in net ultrafiltration (0.37 ± 0.13, 0.19 ± 0.21, and -0.06 ± 0.20 liters/8 h/1.73m², respectively). The serum albumin levels were strongly correlated with 8-hour peritoneal mass transfer, clearance of albumin, 8-hour effluent concentrations of protein and glucose, and ultrafiltration rate. Moreover, the serum albumin levels showed significant negative correlations with dialysate-to-serum ratios of small solutes (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) and macromolecules (IgG, IgA, and IgM) estimated from 8-, 4-, and 1-hour dwell times. In addition, an overnight dialysate glucose-to-protein ratio < 1.0 was highly predictive of low serum albumin levels ( < 3.5 g/dl) and poor ultrafiltration. From the results of this study we conclude that peritoneal loss of albumin as well as peritoneal transport of other solutes of wide size (‘permeability’) contribute to the low serum albumin levels during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, especially in patients with a high peritoneal permeability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Peritoneal Loss of Albumin in the Hypoalbuminemia of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Relationship to Peritoneal Transport of Solutes

Kagan

Bar-Khayim²

1995

Nephron

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“…IgG subclass deficiency was defined as a values <2 SD (<5%) of the age-related mean determined by the same assay in 365 healthy Australian children (15,16). Serum IgG, IgA and IgM were measured by nephelometry using immunochemical reagents obtained from Beckman Instruments (Beckman, California) (17). Serum immunoglobuhn deficiency was taken as a value <2 SD of the age-related mean (6,18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG subclass deficiency in children with congenital heart disease

Radford

Thong

Beard

et al. 1990

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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This study of 66 children with congenital heart disease found 26 (39%) with IgG subclass deficiency, the majority being of the IgG4 isotype. Conventional immunoiogical assessment (IgG, IgA, IgM, T cell) revealed 21 (32%) with immunodeficiency, while inclusion of IgG subclass assessment revealed a total of 35 (53%) of the 66 children had immuno‐deficiency. Children with conotruncal lesions appeared to be predisposed to immunodeficiency affecting T cells and IgG subclasses (especially IgG4) while those with shunt and stenotic lesions had a broad spectrum of immunoglobulin deficiencies. There was significant correlation between immunodeficiency and proneness to infection in these children (p < 0.01). These results suggest that immunodeficiency is a frequent occurrence in children with congenital heart disease, and that IgG subclass measurements should be added to the diagnostic work‐up.

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“…Samples of serum and unconcentrated effluent were analyzed for potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, inorganic phosphorus and glucose by standard autoanalyzer techniques (Technicon Corp.). Con centrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and complement components C3 andC 4 both in serum and concentrated dialysate were measured by nephelo metric methods [13]. The sensitivities of the protein determination methods were as follows: protein by the method of Lowry et al [12]: 0.4 m g/l; albumin by the autoanalyzer technique: I g/1; IgG, IgA and IgM: 10 mg/1; C 3 :14 mg/l, and'forC4: 2.2 mg/l.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in Peritoneal Transport during Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis and Its Impact on Ultraf iltration, Loss of Macromolecules and Plasma Level of Proteins, Lipids and Lipoproteins

Kagan

Bar-Khayim²,

Schafer³

et al. 1993

Nephron

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We investigated the effect of heterogeneity in the peritoneal transport of plasma proteins on dialysis efficiency and plasma levels of proteins, lipids and lipoproteins in 32 patients undergoing long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD; 9 females and 23 males, 18-76 years old). Eleven patients were studied on several occasions (at 0-42 months) and the remainder at 6-60 months on CAPD (n = 49). We have divided our patients arbitrarily into two equal groups according to their protein concentration in the peritoneal effluent at the end of an 8-hour cycle. Patients with a high peritoneal protein concentration ( ≥ 2 g/l/1.73 m²) have lower ultrafiltration capacity, higher glucose absorption rate and increased loss of most plasma proteins [including albumin, immunoglobulins (Ig), complement components and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)] compared to patients with a low peritoneal protein concentration ( < 2 g/l/ 1.73 m²). Consequently, plasma levels of albumin, IgM and HDL were lower in patients with a high peritoneal protein concentration. The latter had also increased levels of plasma triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins. The difference observed in peritoneal transport between the groups could be ascribed only in part to the duration of CAPD treatment, and hence to the number of peritonitis episodes but not to medications. Therefore, we suggest that inherent constitutional factors may be responsible for some of the observed heterogeneity in the peritoneal transport of these patients which is already evident at the start of CAPD treatment. Patients with high peritoneal transport are exposed to an augmented atherogenic plasma lipid profile in addition to a reduction in dialysis efficiency (ultrafiltration failure). These patients may become prone also to nutritional and immunological disturbances. Therefore, we suggest taking these effects into consideration before choosing the appropriate dialysis modality in patients with increased peritoneal transport for plasma proteins.

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Two nephelometric methods compared with a radial immunodiffusion method for the measurement of IgG, IgA and IgM

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Role of Peritoneal Loss of Albumin in the Hypoalbuminemia of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Relationship to Peritoneal Transport of Solutes

Role of Peritoneal Loss of Albumin in the Hypoalbuminemia of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Relationship to Peritoneal Transport of Solutes

IgG subclass deficiency in children with congenital heart disease

Heterogeneity in Peritoneal Transport during Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis and Its Impact on Ultraf iltration, Loss of Macromolecules and Plasma Level of Proteins, Lipids and Lipoproteins

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