In this paper, we present the universal structure of the alphabet of one-loop Feynman integrals. The letters in the alphabet are calculated using the Baikov representation with cuts. We consider both convergent and divergent cut integrals, and find that letters in the divergent cases can be easily obtained from the convergent cases by taking certain limits. The letters are written as simple expressions in terms of various Gram determinants. The knowledge of the alphabet makes it easy to construct the canonical differential equations of the $d\log$ form, and helps to bootstrap the symbols of the solutions. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.